Democratic Rights
Rashi Soni Class-IX
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School Chapter-5
Let’s Recall the Concept of
Democracy
• U.S. president Abraham Lincoln
(1809-1865) defined democracy as;
government for the people, by the
people and of the people.
• Democratic government is a more
accountable form of government.
• Democracy improves the quality of
decision making. Democracy
provides a method to deal with
differences and conflicts.
Democracy enhances the dignity of
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own mistakes.
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India and Democracy
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India and Democracy
Principle of democracy is that the government of the state is
carried out with the co-operation & consent of the people.
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Is India a really a democratic country?
• The politics of India works
within the framework of
the country's constitution.
• India is a federal
parliamentary democratic
republic in which the
President of India is the
head of state and the Prime
Minister of India is the
head of government.
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Working of the Indian Constitution
• The executive, legislative and
judicial branches of
government receive their
power from the constitution
and are bound by it.
• With the aid of its
constitution, India is governed
by a parliamentary system of
government with the
executive directly accountable
to the legislature.
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Rights
• Rights are legal, social, or
ethical principles of freedom
or entitlement.
• Rights are the fundamental
normative rules about what is
allowed of people or owed to
people according to some
legal system, social
convention, or ethical theory.
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Why do we need rights?
It is necessary that citizens should
have the right to express their
opinions.
Helps citizens to form political
parties and take part in political
activities.
Rights protect minorities from the
oppression of majority.
They ensure the majority cannot do
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Life Without Rights
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Evaluation Questions
1. Define the term ‘rights’.
2. Express your views on the concept of democracy.
3. How is democracy practiced in India?
4. State the importance of rights.
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Democratic Rights in India
1. Right to Equality (Article
14 to 18)
2. Right to Freedom (Article
19 to 22)
3. Right Against
Exploitation (Article 23
to 24)
4. Right to Freedom of
Religion (Article 25 to 28)
5. Cultural and Educational
Rights (Article 29 and 30)
Rashi Soni 6. Right to Constitutional
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Remedies (Article 32 to
35)
Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18)
• Article14-Equality before
law.
• Article15-Prohibition of
discrimination on
grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex, gender or
place of birth.
• Article16-Equality of
opportunity in matters of
public employment.
• Article17-Abolition of
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• Article18- Abolishment
of title.
Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22)
• Article 19- Protection of
6 rights concerning the
freedom of:
Speech and expression
Assembly
Association
Movement
Residence
Profession
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Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22)
• Article 20- Protection
with respect to
conviction for offences
• Article 21- Right to life
and personal liberty
• Article 21A- Right to
elementary education
• (86th Amendment-2002)
• Article 22- Protection
against arrest and
detention in certain
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Right Against Exploitation (Article 23 to 24)
• Article 23 – Prohibition
of traffic in human
beings and forced labour
• Article 23 (1)- Traffic in
human beings and begar
and other similar forms
of forced labour are
prohibited and any
contravention of this
provision shall be an
offence punishable
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Right Against Exploitation (Article 22- 23)
• Article 23 (2)- Nothing in
this article shall prevent
the State from imposing
compulsory service
for public purposes, and
in imposing such
service the State shall
not make any
discrimination on
grounds only of religion,
race, caste or class or
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Right Against Exploitation (Article 22- 23)
• Article 24- Prohibition of
employment of children in
factories, etc.
• Article 24 says that “No child
below the age of fourteen
years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or
engaged in any other
hazardous employment.”
• This Article forbids the
employment of children below
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industry or factories or mines,
without exception.
Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25- 28)
• Article 25 Freedom of
conscience and free profession,
practice and propagation of
religion)
• Article 26 (Freedom to manage
religious affairs)
• Article 27 (Freedom as to
payment of taxes for promotion
of any particular religion)
• Article 28 (Freedom as to
attendance at religious
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in certain educational
institutions)
Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 to 30)
• Article 29- Protection of Interests
of Minorities.
• Article 29(1)- This provides all
citizen groups that reside in India
having a distinct culture, language
and script, the right to conserve
their culture and language.
• Article 29(2)- The State shall not
deny admission into educational
institutes maintained by it or
those that receive aids from it, to
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religion, caste, language, etc. This
right is given to individuals and
not any community.
Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 to 30)
• Article 29(2)- The State shall not
deny admission into educational
institutes maintained by it or
those that receive aids from it, to
any person on the basis of race,
religion, caste, language, etc. This
right is given to individuals and
not any community.
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Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 to 30)
• Article 30 – Right of
Minorities to Establish
and Administer
Educational Institutions.
This right is given to
minorities to form and
govern their own
educational institutions.
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Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 to 30)
• Article 30(1): All religious and
linguistic minorities have the
right to establish and
administer educational
institutions of their choice.
• Article 30(2): The State
should not, when granting aid
to educational institutions,
discriminate against any
educational institution on the
ground that it is under the
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language.
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32 to 35)
• It grants powers to the
Supreme Court.
• The power to issue writs
given to the Supreme Court
under this Article is
mandatory.
• The power to issue writs
given to the High Courts
under this Article is
discretionary.
The Supreme Court of India • It is in itself a Fundamental
Rashi Soni
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Expanding the Scope of Rights
• Apart from the Fundamental
Rights, our Constitution and
law offers a wider range of
rights.
• This has expanded the scope
of rights. From time to time,
the courts gave judgement to
expand the scope of rights.
• Certain rights like right to
freedom of press, right to
information,right to work,
right to health and right to
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Evaluation Questions
1. Assess the value of the fundamentals right in India.
2. Describe the values of the following rights:
a. Right to Equality
b. Right to Freedom
c. Right Against Exploitation
d. Right to Freedom of Religion
e. Cultural and Educational Rights
f. Right to Constitutional Remedies
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THANK YOU
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