CHAPTER 3
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
Energy management involves
a range of processes that
monitor energy consumption.
It includes finding effective
solutions to optimize how
energy can be used, conserve
it for the sake of the planet,
and bring benefits to energy
users.
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The Importance of energy for
the hospitality industry
Efficient use of energy and its saving is essential for
sustainable development. The process of energy saving
is referred to as energy management. It involves
measuring the current energy consumption, formulating
strategies and means to save energy, finding
opportunities to save, and analyzing the amount of
energy that can be saved.
The tourism industry is estimated to be responsible
for 5 percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions.
From an energy consumption standpoint, operating
buildings across the planet translate into 40 percent
of global energy used and one-third of global
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
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Hotel energy usage
Hotels are among the largest consumers of
energy in building construction and as
establishments with complex installations.
A cooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement
designed to quantify the demand for energy
needed to cool buildings. It is the number of
degrees that a day's average temperature is
above 65o Fahrenheit (18o Celsius). When the
outside temperature reaches that level, people
inside no longer want the building heated, but
instead begin to consider cooling the building.
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Carbon footprint
The carbon footprint is a measure of the
impact the activities of individuals or
businesses have on the environment and
in particular on climate change. The
carbon footprint is a calculation of all the
greenhouse gases that are produced and
is measured in tones or kilograms of
carbon dioxide
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Energy sources
Two major categories of energy
1. Renewable
The renewable energy resources are:
Solar, Wind, Hydropower, Biomass, and
Geothermal energy
2. Non-renewable.
The non-renewable energy resources are:
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Fossil fuel, Coal, Nuclear, Oil and Natural gas
SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is
harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar
power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy
(including solar water heating), and solar architecture.
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Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic
systems, concentrated solar power, and solar water heating to
harness the energy.
Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the
Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass, or light-
dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
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Passive solar design
Passive solar design for heating and cooling can save
substantial electricity bills. In passive solar design, all parts
of a building are used to collect, store and distribute solar
energy.
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Active solar systems
Active solar systems are those which
collect solar radiation and convert it in
the form of heat to water, air, or some
other fluid.
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Concentrated
solar power
Concentrated solar power (CSP, also known
as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar
thermal) systems generate solar power by using
mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight
onto a receiver.[Electricity is generated when the
concentrated light is converted to heat (solar thermal
energy), which drives a heat engine (usually a steam
turbine) connected to an electrical power generator or
powers a thermochemical reaction.
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Wind power
Wind power or wind energy is
mostly the use of wind
turbines to generate electricity. Wind
power is a
popular, sustainable, renewable
energy source that has a much
smaller impact on the environment
than burning fossil fuels.
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Hydro power
Hydropower (from Greek: ὕδωρ,
"water"), also known as water power,
is the use of falling or fast-running
water to produce electricity or to
power machines. This is achieved by
converting the gravitational potential
or kinetic energy of a water source to
produce power. Hydropower is a
method of sustainable energy
production.
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Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is considered one
of the most efficient and sustainable
types of energy because it’s a clean,
reliable, and renewable resource.
Geothermal energy uses the heat
stored inside the earth’s surface to
generate electricity and provide
geothermal heating and cooling for
homes and businesses.
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Biomass
Biomass is plant-based material used
as fuel to produce heat or electricity.
Examples are wood and wood
residues, energy crops, agricultural
residues, and waste from industry,
farms and households.
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Carbon offsetting
Process of compensating for
carbon dioxide emissions
arising from industrial or other
human activity, by participating
in programs designed to make
equivalent reductions of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere .
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Decarbonization
The reduction of carbon dioxide
emissions through the use of low
carbon power sources, achieving a
lower output of greenhouse
gasses into the atmosphere.
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Carbon neutrality
A balance between emitting carbon and
absorbing carbon from the atmosphere
in carbon sinks.
Six steps to achieving carbon neutrality
1. Assess carbon footprint.
2. Deduct emissions free electricity purchases.
3. Implement emissions reduction measures.
4. Compute remaining carbon emissions.
5. Purchase offsets.
6. Communicate carbon neutrality.
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Energy-efficiency technology
Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning
Depending on the hotel’s geographic location,
heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
can account for up to 50 percent of a hotel’s
total utility costs such as electricity, water, gas
and fuels. Not only has air-conditioning
technology been improving over the past
decades, but also heating systems have
become more efficient, requiring less
maintenance.
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According to ENERGY STAR (2009), additional energy saving
initiatives for HVAC include:
1. Limiting thermostat control in guests rooms and public areas.
2. Using outdoor air for cooling where possible.
3. Ensuring heating and cooling cannot be provided simultaneously.
4. Optimizing efficiency by regular maintenance
5. Installing curtains to control solar heat gain.
6. Shading sun-oriented windows with awnings.
7. Insulating curtains to control solar heat gain.
8. Insulating the entire building correctly.
9. Zone guest occupancy and turning off heating/cooling on
unoccupied floors.
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Intelligent room functions
The application of new technologies which enable to
rational use of energy, hospitality companies can reduce
power consumption per night. Using so-called intelligent
hotel room system, electricity can be saved by adjusting air-
conditioning, heating and lighting systems according to the
guest’s presence in a room. The linking of energy use and
room occupancy presents a natural synergy for
conservation.
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Daylight and electric light
Electric lighting is another element of the hotel guest experience that
is affected in many different ways. However, with lighting costs
accounting for an estimated 20 percent or more of total energy
usage, energy-efficient lighting can help reduce energy consumption
costs.
1. Adjusting lighting levels to demand and types of fixtures.
2. Using time and motion sensors to turn off lights where
appropriate.
3. Using dimmer controls in dinning and public areas.
4. Cleaning bulbs and reflecting surfaces regularly for maximum.
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Common sense to energy
management
There is a widespread misconception in the
hospitality industry that substantial reductions in
energy used can only be achieved by installing
advanced, high-maintenance and prohibitively
expensive technologies.
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