CH1502 Heat Transfer
Unit – 2
Convective Heat Transfer
• Convection : The process of heat transfer between a surface and a fluid
flowing in contact with it is called convection.
• If the flow is caused by an external device like a pump or blower, it is termed
as forced convection.
• If the flow is caused by the buoyant forces generated by heating or cooling
of the fluid the process is called as natural or free convection.
• The heat flux by convection was determined using equation.
• q = h (Ts – T∞)
• q is the heat flux in W/m2,
• Ts is the surface temperature and T∞ is the fluid temperature of the free
stream, the unit being °C or K.
• Hence the unit of convective heat transfer coefficient h is W/ m2 K or W/m2
°C both being identically the same.
• Convective heat transfer coefficient is influenced by
(i) fluid properties like density, viscosity and other thermal properties like specific
heat, conductivity
(ii) the flow velocity and
(iii) the surface geometry.
• As the properties vary with temperature and location the value of convective
heat transfer coefficient will vary from point to point.
• METHODS USED IN CONVECTION STUDIES
The important methods of analysis used in convection studies are
1. Analytical method which can again be subdivided as
(i)Formulating and solving the differential equation,
(ii)Formulating and solving integral equations using assumed profiles for velocity
and temperature–(approximate analysis)
(iii)Numerical finite element method
2. Dimensional analysis
3. Analogical methods which apply solutions from one transport
phenomenon to another
4. Empirical correlations developed from experimental results
guided by the results of analytical methods and dimensional
analysis.
The future may prove to be completely different because the
availability of softwares (of course based on the basic principles)
and powerful computers may lead to the use of the finite element
method extensively, and the correlations may be used only for a
check of values so obtained.
Natural convection from various geometries
Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Forced Convection
• In most industrial processes where heat
transfer is occurring heat is being transferred
from one fluid through a solid wall to the
second fluid.
Forced Convection
Forced Convection
HTC for laminar flow inside a pipe
HTC for laminar flow inside a pipe
HTC for Turbulent flow inside a pipe
HTC for Turbulent flow inside a pipe
HTC for transition flow inside a pipe
HTC for transition flow inside a pipe
HTC for Liquid Metals
HT outside various geometries in Forced
Convection
Flow through a parallel plate
Flow past single sphere
HT for flow in Packed beds
