Patient Safety
: Objectives
-At the end of this lecture each student will be able
to…
1)Identify meaning of safety / patient safety
2)Explain health care errors
3)Explain types of safety hazards in health care
environment
4) Discuss national patient safety goals (NPSGs)
5) Discuss factors affecting patient safety
: Outlines
1) Safety
2)Patient Safety
2) Health care errors
3) Types of safety hazards in health care environment
4) National patient safety goals (NPSGs)
5) Factors affecting patient safety
Introduction
Patient safety is a worldwide priority aimed at
preventing medical errors before they cause death,
harm, or injury. Medical errors impact 1 in 10
patients worldwide (WHO), and their implications
may include death, permanent, or temporary harm,
financial loss, and psychosocial harm to the patient
and in some cases to the caregiver.
What is Safety?
Freedom from accidental injury
The state of being protected against physical , social ,
spiritual , financial , political , emotional, occupational,
and psychological hazards or other types of
consequences of failure, damage , error, or accident.
What is Safety?
S Safe
A Alert
F For
E Every
T Task
Y You do
Patient Safety?
It is the prevention of errors and adverse effect to
the patient associated with health care.
It is freedom from unintended health care
errors/injuries due to medical and/or nursing
management
Patient safety problem
• Patient safety is a serious global public health
issue.
• In developed countries one in 10 patients is
harmed while receiving hospital care.
?What are Health Care Errors
• Failure to provide follow-up
• Medication error / adverse drug event
• Surgical error
• Failure to diagnose / incorrect diagnosis
• Failure to provide adequate observation
• Failure to utilize or act on diagnostic test
• Use of inappropriate diagnostic test or procedure
Why Errors Happen
• Poor communication among caregivers
• High acuity of illness or injury
• Time pressures
• Unpredictable patient flow
• Short staffing
Types of Safety Hazards in clinical
environment
Biological
Psychological Hazards Chemical
Physical
Safety Hazards in clinical
environment (cont.)
1) Biological Hazards
• It is includes bacteria, virus, fungi that can
transmitted by contact with infected personnel
and objects and can prevented with proper
following to infection control strategies.
Safety Hazards in clinical environment (cont.)
2) Chemical Hazards
• It is includes drug reaction ,antiseptic solution.
3) Physical Hazards
• It includes radiation, magnetic field.
4) Psychological hazards
It is include stress related illnesses such as peptic
ulcer ,depression, asthma,…….
Other Types Of Safety Hazards:
1) Falls
2) Electrical
3) Burns / Fires
Other Types Of Safety Hazards:
5) Medical and nursing activities malpractices .
6) Equipments hazards; such as improper insertion of
tubes
7) Violence against patients
8) Medication errors as (look-like ,sound-like
medication).
International Patient Safety Goals
according to Joint Commission on Accreditation
of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
1. Identify patients correctly
2. Improve effective communication
3. Improve the High-Alert Medication
4. Ensure correct site, procedure, patient Surgery
5. Reduce the Risk of Health Care–Associated Infections
6. Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm Resulting from Falls.
Goal 1
1- Identify patients correctly
Use at least two patient identifiers when providing
care, treatment and services.
Patient name
Patient file
Medical record
Date of birth
Goal 2
2- Improve effective communication
To..inside or outside, from…discharge, home,…
Report critical results of tests and diagnostic
procedures on a timely basis.
Goal 3
3- Improve the High-Alert Medication
Look a like, sound a like
• Reduce the likelihood of patient harm associated with
the use of anticoagulant therapy.
Ten rights of medication administration
1. Right Patient 2. Right Medication
3. Right Dosage 4. Right Route
5. Right Time 6. Right Documentation
7. Right to Refuse 8. Right Assessment
9. Right Evaluation 10. Right Client Education
Goal 3 (Cont)
• Labeling Medications
-name of med
-date & time
-expiration
Goal 3 (Cont)
• Reducing harm from anticoagulation therapy
-appropriate labeling
-labs tests
-controlled pumps with IV infusion
-follow hospital protocols
Goal 4
4- Ensure correct site, procedure, patient
Surgery
Goal 5
• Reduce the Risk of Health Care–Associated
Infections
Comply with either the current Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene
guidelines or the current World Health Organization
(WHO) hand hygiene guidelines.
Goal 5 (cont.)
• Implement evidence-based practices to prevent health
care-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant
organisms in acute care organizations.
• Implement evidence-based practices to prevent
central line-associated bloodstream infections.
Goal 6
• Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm Resulting from
Falls.
Preventing Falls
• Implement a fall reduction program and evaluate the
effectiveness of the program.
• The patient is given instruction about asking for help
when getting out of bed, especially at night. The
hospital is an unfamiliar place, and most falls occur
when patients try to get out of bed on their own to go
to the bathroom.
Nurse role in Preventing Falls
• The nurse should put signs on door of patient (F) if the patient have
risk of fall.
• Make sure the nurse call button on patient bed works and that you
know how to use it.
• The nurse must be know if the patient have trouble reaching the call
button.
• If possible, instruct the patient to call for help before the need to get to
the bathroom becomes urgent.
• Make sure there is adequate light to see, and keep your eyeglasses
within reach.
Nurse role in Preventing Falls
• Teach the patient wear slippers with rubber soles to
prevent slipping.
• The nurse should assess if any obstructions on the
floor.
• Make sure the brakes are locked when you get into
and out of a wheelchair
• Insure the bed of patient have bed side rails function
Factors affecting patient safety
1- patient factors
Safety
Ability to
awareness
communicate
Age
Factors
affecting
patient safety
Sensory
Cognitive perception
awareness Mobility/
health
status
Factors affecting patient safety
2- health care team factors
Equipment,
Staffing
design, and
Communication
maintenance
Factors
affecting
patient safety
Incompatible Training
goals
Housekeeping Procedures
Thank You
