CONTRACEP
TION
CONTRACEP
TION
Learning Intention
Students will develop an understanding of a variety of
contraceptive methods
• I can identify a range of contraceptive methods
• I can describe the advantages and disadvantages of each
Success Criteria
method
• I can explain where to purchase contraceptive methods
• Contribution to class discussion
Tasks • Participation in group work
• Contraception workbook questions
How does a pregnancy
occur?
In order to make good decisions about contraception, you need to understand how
you can become pregnant.
W h a t i s
co ntr a c e p ti o n ?
e d e l i b e r a te u se
p ti o n i s th
Contrace r
m e t h o d s o r o t h e
of arti fic i al
nt p r e g n a nc y a s
u e s to p re ve
techniq e rc ou rse
c e o f s e xu a l i nt
a cons e q u e n
CONTRACEPTION
• Sexual activity carries some risks, young people need to be
prepared to look after your sexual health needs. This includes
practicing safer safe, learning about contraception methods,
and knowing how to prevent yourself from sexually transmitted
infections (STIs).
• Using contraception when having sexual intercourse decreases
the likelihood of a pregnancy occurring.
• A condom should be used every time people have sexual
intercourse to decrease the likelihood of pregnancy and
contracting an STI.
• It is important to seek advice about which type of
contraception is suitable for your body.
• An unplanned pregnancy can have a profound effect on a
CONTRACEPTION
Brainstorm:
What contraceptive methods do
you know?
METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
Injection
Condoms Diaphragm Vasectomy
(Depo Ralovera)
IUD Combined Tubal
(Mirena & Copper) Dams
Oral Pill Ligation
Female Emergency Progesterone
Withdrawal
Condoms Pill Pill
Implanon Vaginal
Abstinence
(The Rod) Ring
CATEGORIES OF
Contraception methods can be classified into different categories based on how they work.
Long Acting
Reversible
Methods
CONTRACEPTION
Contraceptives that are long acting, don't require you
to do anything to prevent pregnancy every day or
every time you have sex, and are almost
Intra-uterine device [IUD]
(Mirena, Multiload, or
Copper T), Implanon
immediately reversible when removed
Injectable, The Pill
Short Acting Contraceptives that use synthetic hormones to
(combined pill or
Hormonal change fertility by stopping the release of the egg
progesterone pill), Vaginal
Methods (ova), by blocking sperm, and changing the lining of
ring, Emergency pill
the uterus.
Barrier Contraceptives that prevent semen from entering the Condom, Female Condom,
Methods uterus during sex. Dams, Diaphragm
Contraception that results in sterilisation, it involves
Permanent making a person incapable of reproduction by
Vasectomy, Tubal Ligation
Methods surgery. It disrupts the tubes that carry sperm or the
egg and ends the ability to reproduce.
Other Includes the withdrawal methods and abstinence. Withdrawal, Abstinence
Methods
Condo
• A hormone free
m
contraceptive.
• A latex or polyurethane
sheath that covers the
erect penis and
prevents semen
entering the vagina or
anus.
• Available in latex and
non-latex forms
Condo
m
• Readily available – no prescription required, reduces risk of pregnancy and STI’s, inexpensive,
Advantages only needs to be used during sexual activity.
• May break during sexual intercourse, single use, cannot be used if allergic to latex (Can
Disadvantages purchase latex free), are perishable (expire and must be stored correctly), oil-based lube
should not be used as it can cause breakage.
Effectiveness • 98 per cent when used correctly every time, 82% typical use
STI and HIV protection • Protects against bacterial STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Supermarket, chemist, vending machines, servos, youth centres and sexual health clinics
get it?
o m S e q u e n c i n g
Co n d
ca rd s i n fro n t o f
Using th e
e e d to p l a c e t h e
you, you n
r d e r o f h o w y o u
15 ca rd s i n o
u s e a c o n d o m .
woul d
Correct Steps
The sequences below outlines the order for using
condoms
[Link] condom’s correctly:
expiry date. 8. Have Sex.
[Link] turned on. 9. Ejaculate.
[Link] gets erect. 10. Hold rim of condom.
[Link] take condom out of 11. Withdraw penis.
packet. 12. Erection goes.
[Link] top of condom. 13. Take condom off penis.
[Link] condom onto penis. 14. Put condom in rubbish bin.
[Link] lube.
NOTE: “Check for and give ongoing enthusiastic consent” should
be at the beginning, during, and after sexual activity.
Why might
someone
choose not to
use a condom?
Why might
someone choose
not to use a
condom?
Female
Condom
• A lubricated condom for
women to insert
internally.
Female Condom
• Only needs to be used during sexual activity, is easy, can be
Advantages inserted earlier, does not restrict the penis
• Are difficult to purchase and are expensive, make some noise
Disadvantages during sexual intercourse
Effectiveness • 95 per cent when used correctly every time
• Protects against bacterial STIs and HIV, provides more protection
STI and HIV protection around the vulva for women and skin around penis for men.
Where to purchase/how to • Some chemists
get it?
HORMONAL INTRA-
UTERINE DEVICE
•
(IUD)
Small plastic T shaped
device that is inserted into
the uterus.
• Thickens the mucus around
the cervix, preventing
sperm from accessing the
uterus.
COPPER INTRA-
UTERINE DEVICE
•
(IUD)
Small plastic T shaped
device that is inserted into
the uterus.
• Affects sperm movement to
the egg and changes the
lining of the uterus to make
it difficult for a fertilised
egg to take hold.
IUD
• Stays in place for 5 years, may make periods lighter or
Advantages disappear, can be easily taken out at any time.
• Expensive, needs to be put in by a professional, hormonal side
Disadvantages effects. Need to check string is in place after every period
Effectiveness • 99 per cent
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • You will need to get a prescription from the doctor, get it from
get it? the pharmacy, and then it must be inserted by a doctor.
Combine
d Pill
• A pill that contains
oestrogen and
progesterone to prevent
an egg from leaving the
ovary.
• Contains hormone
(active) pills and up to 7
Combined Pill
• Periods usually become more regular, shorter, lighter and less painful. Timing of
Advantages bleeding can be controlled. Can improve acne. Easily reversible.
• Need a doctor's prescription, must be taken at the same time every day or
Disadvantages effectiveness is reduced. Can cause mood changes, nausea and other symptoms.
Effectiveness • 99 per cent if taken at the same time daily
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Prescription from doctor or health clinics, filled at the chemist
get it?
Vaginal
Ring
• A ring that contains
oestrogen and
progesterone that
stops the ovaries
releasing an egg
every month and
thickens the fluid
around the cervix.
Vaginal Ring
• Stays in the vagina for three weeks and then out for one week, cannot feel the ring when
Advantages inserted. Usually lighter periods, can help acne. Hormones are absorbed through the
bloodstream not the stomach.
• Need a doctor's prescription, is expensive, hormonal side effects, must remember to change
Disadvantages it.
Effectiveness • 99 per cent
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Prescription from doctor or health clinics.
get it?
Implanon
• A hormonal implant
inserted under the
skin on the inside of
the upper arm.
• It prevents ovulation
as well as thickens the
mucus of the cervix
preventing sperm
from entering the
uterus.
Implanon
• Very effective in preventing pregnancy, can last up to three years, can be removed by a
Advantages doctor, and effects are immediately reversible, cost effective, may reduce painful periods and
acne.
• Requires minor medical procedure for insertion or removal, can cause irregularities in period,
Disadvantages may cause headaches, mood swings, acne, or breast tenderness.
Effectiveness • 99.95 per cent
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Prescription from doctor, minor medical procedure
get it?
Depo-Provera
(Injection)
• An injection that contains the
hormone progestin given every
three months.
• It can prevent ovulation as well
as thicken the mucus of the
cervix preventing sperm from
entering the uterus.
Depo-Provera (Injection)
• Injection every 3 months, can be used by most people, can reduce bleeding and
Advantages painful periods, doesn’t interact with other medication, very effective.
• Requires an injection, may have irregular bleeding/spotting, breast tenderness,
Disadvantages weight gain, headaches, mood changes, need a new injection every 3 months.
Effectiveness • 99.8 per cent with perfect use, 94 per cent with typical use
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Prescription from doctor, go to chemist to collect, return to doctor for injection
get it?
Emergenc
y Pill
• A pill that contains high
levels of progesterone.
• It stops or delays the
release of an egg from
your ovaries until the
sperm aren’t active in
your body anymore.
Emergency Pill
• Effective at preventing pregnancy, can be used after unprotected
Advantages sex, if a condom breaks.
• Should only be used in case of emergency, effectiveness decreases
Disadvantages as time goes on. Can have some side effects e.g. nausea.
Effectiveness • 85 per cent, most effective 24 hours and decreases as time goes on.
STI and HIV protection • No protection against STIs and HIV
Where to purchase/how to • Chemist
get it?
Dams
• A thin sheath of latex placed
over the vagina or anus as a
barrier during oral sex.
Dams
Advantages • Reduce the chance of some STIs
Disadvantages • Not effective during sexual intercourse, single use
Effectiveness • Not effective during sexual intercourse
STI and HIV protection • Some protection if used correctly
Where to purchase/how to • Some chemists
get it?
Diaphrag
• A shallow dome of
m
silicone with a firm and
flexible rim.
• It is placed in the vagina
so that it covers the
cervix and tucks in behind
the pubic bone to stop
sperm from entering.
Diaphragm
• Does not affect your hormones, can be used if you are allergic to latex, can be
Advantages inserted well before having sex. Can last up to 2 years if looked after
• Must be left in place at least 6 hours after sex until the sperm in the vagina
Disadvantages die
Effectiveness • 86 percent with perfect use, 82 per cent with typical use
STI and HIV protection • No protection
Where to purchase/how to • Some chemists
get it?
Vasectomy
• Males - tubes that carry sperm,
the vas deferens are cut under
anaesthetic.
Vasectomy
• A permanent method of contraception (surgery can reverse
Advantages it)
• Need to use an alternative contraceptive method until a
Disadvantages sperm count is zero
Effectiveness • Greater than 99 per cent
STI and HIV protection • No protection
Where to purchase/how to • Surgery required
get it?
Tubal Ligation
• Females - the fallopian tubes are
blocked to prevent sperm and
egg meeting.
Tubal Ligation
• A permanent method of contraception (surgery can reverse
Advantages it)
Disadvantages • May be a medical risk during the procedure
Effectiveness • Greater than 99 per cent
STI and HIV protection • No protection
Where to purchase/how to • Surgery required
get it?
Progestogen
Pill
• A pill that makes the mucus at
the cervix thicker so sperm
can’t go through.
• It also stops the release of an
egg by the ovary.
Progestogen Pill
• Does not have same risk of blood clots as the combined pill,
Advantages your period may completely stop, highly reversible.
• Can have headaches, breast tenderness, and nausea. Can
Disadvantages cause brown patchy discoloration in face.
Effectiveness • 99 per cent with perfect use, 93 per cent with typical use.
STI and HIV protection • Does not protect against STI and HIV.
Where to purchase/how to • Available on prescription from doctor, purchase from
get it? chemist.
Abstinenc
e
• Making the choice to not
have or engage in sex.
Abstinenc
• Sexual abstinence is a
e
choice to not participate
in any genital contact.
• The choice is usually
made for a spefici moral,
religious, legal, or health
reason.
• It can range from no
sexual contact to
everything but
Withdrawl
• Removing the penis from
the vagina before
ejaculation.
• This is unreliable
because sperm can be
present in pre-cum.
• This method is not
recommended as other
contraceptive methods
offer greater
effectiveness.
• It is BOTH partners’
responsibility to ensure that you
have safer sex and use
contraception to prevent both
Wh o i s unplanned pregnancy and
re s p o n s i bl e f o r sexually transmitted infections.
• There is a perception that it is
c o n tra c e p t i o n ? the girl’s responsibility to think
about contraception and safer
sex.
• While it is true that girls can take
oral contraceptive pills to avoid
unplanned pregnancy, condoms
are the only form of
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our book
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Challenge
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• Descr
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• Suggest h
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• L i st w
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for help,
informatio
this situat n and sup
i o n. po r t i n
