MARS: THE ANOTHER

EARTH
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest
planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In
English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is
often referred to as the "Red Planet". The latter refers to the
effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it
a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies
visible to the naked eye.[Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin
atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the
impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and
• The days and seasons are comparable to those of Earth, because the
rotational period as well as the tilt of the rotational axis relative to the
ecliptic plane are similar. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the
largest volcano and highest known mountain on any planet in the
Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in
the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern
hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact
feature .Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small
and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to
5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan
• Mars has been explored by several uncrewed spacecraft.
Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; launched by
NASA on 28 November 1964, it made its closest approach to
the planet on 15 July 1965. Mariner 4 detected the weak
Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1% that of Earth,
and captured the first images of another planet from deep
space.The Soviet Mars 3 mission included a lander, which
achieved a soft landing in December 1971; however, contact
was lost seconds after touchdown . On 20 July 1976, Viking 1
performed the first successful landing on the Martian surface
COMPARISON BETWEEN EARTH AND
MARS
• Mars is only about one-half the diameter of Earth, but
both planets have roughly the same amount of dry land
surface area. This is because over two-thirds of the
Earth's surface is covered by oceans, whereas the
present surface of Mars has no liquid water. Mars and
Earth are very different planets when it comes to
temperature, size, and atmosphere, but geologic
processes on the two planets are surprisingly similar. On
Mars, we see volcanoes, canyons, and impact basins
much like the ones we see on Earth.
• Many of the same physical land features we see on Earth also exist on
Mars. But the sheer size of some landforms on Mars dwarfs that of
similar features on Earth. The table below compares many of Mars'
conditions, specifications and features with those on Earth.
SO HOW WE CAN LIVE IN MARS?
• Organizations have proposed plans for a
human mission to Mars, the first step towards any colonization
effort, but no person has set foot on the planet. However,
landers and rovers have successfully explored the planetary
surface and delivered information about conditions on the
ground. Virtual visits to Mars, using haptic technologies, have
been proposed, and may precede any real humans actually
landing on the planet.
• Reasons for colonizing Mars include pure curiosity, the potential for
humans to provide more in-depth observational research than
unmanned rovers, economic interest in its resources, and the
possibility that the settlement of other planets could decrease the
likelihood of human extinction. Difficulties and hazards include
radiation exposure during a trip to Mars and on its surface, toxic soil,
low gravity, the isolation that accompanies Mars' distance from Earth,
a lack of water, and cold temperatures. The most recent
commitments to researching permanent settlement include those by
public space agencies—NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, ISRO and the CNSA—
and private organizations—SpaceX, Lockheed Martin, and Boeing.
Conditions for human habitation
• Conditions on the surface of Mars are closer to the conditions on Earth in
terms of temperature and sunlight than on any other planet or moon,
except for the cloud tops of Venus. However, the surface is not hospitable
to humans or most known life forms due to the radiation, greatly reduced
air pressure, and an atmosphere with only 0.16% oxygen. In 2012, it was
reported that some lichen and cyanobacteria survived and showed
remarkable adaptation capacity for photosynthesis after 34 days in
simulated Martian conditions in the Mars Simulation Laboratory
(MSL) maintained by the German Aerospace Center (DLR).[ Some
scientists think that cyanobacteria could play a role in the
development of self-sustainable crewed outposts on Mars.] They
propose that cyanobacteria could be used directly for various
applications, including the production of food, fuel and oxygen, but
also indirectly: products from their culture could support the growth of
other organisms, opening the way to a wide range of life-support
biological processes based on Martian resources
• Humans have explored parts of Earth that match some
conditions on Mars. Based on NASA rover data, temperatures
on Mars (at low latitudes) are similar to those in Antarctica. The
atmospheric pressure at the highest altitudes reached by
piloted balloon ascents (35 km (114,000 feet) in 1961, 38 km in
2012) is similar to that on the surface of Mars. However, the
pilots were not exposed to the extremely low pressure, as it
would have killed them, but seated in a pressurized capsule .
WE HAVE TO TEREFORM MARS TO GROW PLANTS SUCH
AS RICE , WHEAT ETC.
Terraforming OF MARS

• Various works of fiction put forward the idea of terraforming Mars to

allow a wide variety of life forms, including humans, to survive
unaided on Mars' surface. Some ideas of possible technologies that
may be able to contribute to the terraforming of Mars have been
conjectured, but none would be able to bring the entire planet into
the Earth-like habitat pictured in science fiction
NOW LETS SEE VIDEO HOW WE CAN
TERRAFORM MARS
Thank you