PHOBIA
[Link] Pratap Singh
Rathore
Asst professor
Keshlata College Of Nursing
DEFINITION
Phobia is an exaggerated pathological fear of
specific type of stimulus or situation
SIMPLE/SPECIFIC PHOBIA
It is a most common type of phobia in general
population. It is characterized by irrational
persistent fear of an object or situation along
with a compelling desire to avoid that
situation. Usually it is a fear of harmless
animals or objects, insects, dark places, fear
of travel, marriage, sight of blood
AGROPHOBIA
It is a disorder characterized by fear of being
alone, fear of leaving home and fear of being
away from home.
SOCIAL PHOBIA
It is a persistent irrational fear and
compelling desire to avoid situation in which
the individual may be expose to scrutiny by
others. The patient has fear of
embarrassment. They have fear of speaking,
eating or writing in public, attending parties
etc.
TYPES OF PHOBIA
1. Acrophobia-Fear of heights
2. Hematophobia- Fear of sight of blood
3. Claustrophobia- Fear of close place
4. Gamophobia- Fear of marriage
5. Insectophobia-Fear of insects
6. Agrophobia- Fear of open place
7. Ochlophobia- Fear of crowd
8. Fodophobia-Fear of travel
TYPES OF PHOBIA
9. Zoophobia- Fear of Animals
10. Thanatophobia- Fear of death
11. Venerophobia- Fear of venereal disease
[Link]- Fear of dirt
[Link]- Fear of dogs
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
1. Palpitation
2. Dry mouth
3. Tremors
4. Shortness of the breath
5. Perspiration
6. Giddiness
MANAGEMENT
[Link]
-Benzodiazaphine eg. Alprazalom, Diazepam,
Clonazepam
-Antidepressants eg. Imipramine, Phenylizine
2. Psychotheraphy
- Behaviour theraphy-Flooding, Systematic
desensitization, relaxation technique
- Cognitive theraphy
- Supportive theraphy
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing Assessment
Assessment parameters focus on physical
symptoms, precipitating factors, avoidance
behavior associated of anxiety on physical
functioning, normal coping ability and
support system
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Fear related to specific stimulus or causing
embarrassment to self in front of others,
evident by behavior directed towards
avoidance of the feared object or situation
Social Isolation related to fear of being in a
place from which one is unable to escape,
evidenced by staying alone, refusing to leave
the room or home
NURSING
INTERVENTION
TO REDUCE ANXIETY
Stay with the client when anxiety is high to promote safety
and security
Identify the basis of anxiety
Allow the patient to verbalize feelings about the anxiety
producing situation or objects
Reassure the patients that he is safe
Include patient is making decision related selection of
alternating coping strategies
If the patient elects to work on eliminating fear, techniques of
desensitization or implosive therapy may be employed
Do not have contact with the phobic object situation
Teach relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises,
muscle relaxation exercises and visualization of pleasant
situation
TO REDUCE SOCIAL ISOLATION
Convey an accepting attitudes and
unconditional positive regard. Make brief,
frequent contacts, be honest an keep all
promises.
Altered group activities with the patient that
may be frightening for him
Discuss with patient sins and symptoms of
increasing anxiety and techniques to
interrupt the response
Give recognition and positive reinforcement
for voluntary interaction with others
EVALUATION
Does the patient face phobia objects or
situation without anxiety?
Does the patient voluntarily participate in
group activities?
Is the patient able to demonstrate techniques
that he may use to prevent anxiety from
escalating to the panic level?
