Insecticide Resistance

Management

Marjorie D. Hoylar
Assistant Professor I
College of Agriculture
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
1
Its effective last
cropping, how come
its no longer effective
now?

2
Because of
RESISTANCE!

3
An Insect Population is usually composed of the following…

SUSCEPTIBLE (S) :
Can be easily killed

Product
MODERATELY SUSCEPTIBLE X
(RS): Not easily killed

RESISTANT (IMMUNE) (R )
Cannot be killed under normal dose

Slide 5
 What Usually Happens in the Field
Initial use of 1 Product
Initial Population: 32
S = 26 or 81.25%,
R = 6 or 18.75%
 What Usually Happens in the Field
Initial use of 1 Product
Initial Population: 32 Survivors: 8 or 25%
S = 26 or 81.25%, S = 2 or 25%,
R = 6 or 18.75% R = 6 or 75%
What Actually Happens in the Field

Slide 8
Remaining Insects Reproduce According to the following:

+ = All Resistant ( R )
offspring

Mix of Resistant
( R ), Moderately

= Susceptible (RS)
+

and Susceptible
(S) offspring

+ =
All Susceptible ( S )
offspring

Slide 9
 What Happens in the Field…
Continued use of 1 or Products with same MOA
Initial Population: 32 Survivors: 19 or 59%
S = 20 or 62.5%, S = 7 or 36.8%,
R = 12 or 37.5% R = 12 or 63.2%
 What Happens in the Field…
Continued use of 1 or Products with same MOA
Initial Population: 32 Survivors: 24 or 75%
S = 11 or 34.4%, S = 3 or 12.5%,
R = 21 or 65.6% R = 21 or 87.5%
 What Happens in the Field…
Continued use of 1 or Products with same MOA
Initial Population: 32 Survivors: 28 or 87.5%
S = 5 or 15.6%, S = 1 or 3.6%,
R = 27 or 84.4% R = 27 or 96.4%
 What Happens in the Field…
Continued use of 1 or Products with same MOA
Initial Population: 32 Survivors: 32 or 100%
S = 1 or 3.1%, S = 1 or 3.1%,
R = 31 or 96.9% R = 31 or 96.9%
Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy in Eggplant
To ensure susceptible Fruit Borer population

Fruiting
Nursery –
Vegetative Flowering
Transplanting
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154 161 168 175

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation 5th Generation

Fruit / Shoot
Borer

Insecticide Application (Need – Based)

Option 1 MoA 1 MoA 2 MoA 3 MoA 4 MoA 5

Option 2 MoA 1 MoA 2 MoA 1 MoA 2 MoA 1

14
Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy in
Cabbage

Nursery -
Leafy Stage Head Forming Harvest
Transplanting

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

Diamond
Back
Moth

Insecticide Application
Not
MoA 1
recommended

Option 1 MoA 1 MoA 2 MoA 3

Option 2 MoA 1 MoA 2 MoA 1

15
Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)
A specific Mode of Action will target a specific part/
Abamectin, Indoxacarb,
function of an insect Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide

Nerve
Feeding + Methomyl, Carbaryl, Fipronil, Malathion,
Beta-cyfluthrin, Thiamethoxam,
Pymetrozine, Abamectin, Spinosad, etc
+
Growth /
Development/
Respiration + Molting
Buprofezin, Teflubenzuron
+
Excretory
Digestive
+

Reproduction Energy/ Muscle

+ +
+ Abamectin, Chlorantraniliprole,
Flubendiamide, Cyanide
Same MOA: Group 28

n Fe
ho
no
at

s
ev
Pr

Resistant to Grp 28 Insecticides

Slide 17
Manny Pacquiao – Right and Left Hook

Slide 18
 Different brands may have the same Active
Ingredient!!!

Page 19 • Project Management Introduction BCS Phl March 2012

 Different brands may have the same Active
Ingredient!!!

Page 20 • Project Management Introduction BCS Phl March 2012

 Different Active Ingredients may belong to the
same MODE of ACTION!!!

Page 21 • Project Management Introduction BCS Phl March 2012

 Different Active Ingredients may
belong to the same MODE of
ACTION!!!

Page 22 • Project Management Introduction BCS Phl March 2012

SAMPLE CHEMICAL GROUPINGS
Group 1 - ACS Inhibitors
 Carbamates - Methomyl (Lannate®)
 Organophosphates - Profenophos (Selecron)

Group 2 - GABA-gated Chlorine Channel Antagonist

 Fiprole - Fipronil (Ascend)

Group 3 - Sodium Channel Modulators

 Pyrethroids - 165 brands of CYPERMETHRIN

Group 4 - Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor Agonist/Antagonist

 Neonicotinoids – Dinotefuran (Oshin)
– Imidacloprid (Confidor)
– Acetamiprid (Mospilan)
– Thiamethoxam (Actara)
 Cartap hydrochloride - Cartap

Group 22 - Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers

 Indoxacarb – Steward®

Group 28 - Ryanodine Receptor Modulators

 Diamides – Chlorantraniliprole (Prevathon® ), Flubendiamide (Fenos)
 Paano Maiwasan ang
Insecticide Resistance…
1. Gumamit ng IPM practices
2. Sundin ang GAP Principles
3. Alamin ang mode of action
(MoA) ng insecticide
products / brands
4. Pagpalit-palitin ang
Insecticide MoA group / Hindi
lang basta Active Ingredient
(AI) gayon din ang brands 25
Benepisyo ng IRM sa
Maghahalaman
1. Mas magtatagal ang bisa ng gamot na
pinapakinabangan ng maghahalaman.
2. Makakatipid sa Gastos
Di na kakailanganin ang mas madalas na
pagbomba.
Di na kailangan mag-“cocktail” para ikontrol
ang iisang peste.
3. Mas masagana ang ani
Tamang paraan > mas maprotektahan ang
tanim > mas maganda ang kita.
4. Maprotektahan ang kapaligiran at
lupain
Mababawasan ang pagkalason ng paligid.
 Maraming salamat po. Daghang
salamat.
Dios ti agngina. Dios mabalos.
Thank you.

Insecticide Resistance Action Committee

30