1
EEP421 Power
Network Analysis
Lec. 6
FAST DECOUPLED
AND DC LOAD FLOW
Fast Decoupled
Load Flow
2
Two port power equations
3
V s AV r B I r V s AV r
Ir
I s CV r D I r B
V sV r AV rV r
Vr Ir S r
B
V s V s V sV r AV r 2
Sr
V r V r 0 B
2
A A V sV r AV r
Sr
B B B B
V sV r AV r2
Sr P jQ
4 B B
V sV r AV r2
P cos( ) cos( )
B B
2
V sV r AV r
Q sin( ) sin( )
B B
𝐴=𝐴𝛼 | 𝐴|≃1 𝛼≃0
5
V sV r AV r2
P cos( ) cos( )
B B
V sV r V r2
P cos( 90) cos(0 90)
X X
V sV r
P sin( )
X
2
V sV r AV r
6 Q sin( ) sin( )
B B
V sV r V r2
Q sin( 90) sin(0 90)
X X
2
V sV r Vr
Q cos( )
X X
7
P
V sV r
sin( ) 𝜕𝑃
X ≃0
𝜕𝑣
V sV r Vr 2 𝜕𝑄
Q cos( ) ≠0
X X
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑃
P v
J
8
𝐽1⇒ ≃0
𝜕𝑣
Q
P
J J v
P
0 J
v
Q
1J 2J
2
Q
J 0
3 4
9 P
0 J v
Q
J 2
0
3
P
J
Q
J V
2 3
P Pi
J2 main diagonal Main
i
10 diagonal
b
Pi V iV jY ij cos(ij j i )
j 1
Pi V iV 1Y i 1 cos(i 1 1 i ) ..... V i 2Y ii cos(ii ) ...
Pi
V iV 1Y i 1 sin(i 1 1 i ) ..... V i 2Y ii cos( ii ) ...
i
Pi b
V iV jY ij sin(ij j i )
i j 1
j i
Pi b
V iV jY ij sin( ij j i )
11 i j 1
j i
Y ij G ij j * B ij
Susceptance
Conductance
:For practical systems, it can be assumed
𝐺𝑖𝑗 ≪ 𝐵𝑖𝑗 ⇒ 𝑌 𝑖𝑗 ≃ 𝑗 ∗ 𝐵𝑖𝑗 ⇒ 𝜃𝑖𝑗 =90
𝛿 𝑗 ,𝛿𝑖 ≪ then 𝛿 𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 ≃ 0
Pi b
V iV jY ij sin(90)
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 ∀ |V 𝑗|≃1
i j 1
j i Pi b
i
V i Y ij
Pi b
j 1
Pi
i
V i V jY ij j i
V i B ii
j 1
j i
i
P Pi
J2 off diagonal
j off diagonal
12
b
Pi V iV jY ij cos(ij j i )
j 1
Pi V iV 1Y i 1 cos(i 1 1 i ) ..... V i 2Y ii cos(ii ) ...
Pi
V iV jY ij sin(ij j i )
j
Pi
Pi V i B ij
V i Y ij sin(90 0) j
j
Final form for J2 P2
P2 P2 P2
2
J
2 3 4
13 Pi Pi
V i B ii V i B ij P3
P3 P3 P3
3
i j 2 3 4
P4 P4 P4
P4 4
2 3 4
2
P2 V 2 B 22 V 2 B 23 V 2 B 24 2
P3 V 3 B 32 V 3 B 33 V 3 B 34 3 1
P4 V 4 B 42 V 4 B 43 V 4 B 44 4 Pi
P2
i ’ B Vi
B 22 B 23 B 24 2
V2
ik 1 ik i
P3
B 32 B 33 B 34 3
V3 Pi
P4
B 42 B 43 B 44 4 Vi
’
B i
V4
Q Q i
J3 main diagonal Main
v v i
diagonal
14
b
Q i V iV jY ij sin(ij j i )
j 1
Q i V iV 1Y i 1 sin(i 1 1 i ) ..... V i 2Y ii sin(ii ) ...
Q i
V 1Y i 1 sin(i 1 1 i ) ..... 2 V iY ii sin(ii ) ...
v i
Q i b
V jY ij sin(ij j i ) 2 V iY ii sin(ii )
v i j 1
j i
𝜕 𝑄𝑖
15 ≃ −|𝑉 |¿
𝑖
𝜕 𝑣𝑖
b
Q i
V i B ij 2B ii
v i j 1
j i
Q i
V i B ii 2B ii
v i
Q i
V i B ii
v i
Q Q i
J3 off diagonal
v V j off diagonal
16
b
Q i V iV jY ij sin(ij j i )
j 1
Q i V iV 1Y i 1 sin(i 1 1 i ) ..... V i Y ii sin(ii ) ...
2
Q i
V iY ij sin(ij j i )
v j
Q i
V i B ij
v j
Final form for J3 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2
Q 2 V 2
J
V 2 V 3 V 4
17 Q i Q i Q 3 Q 3 Q 3
V i B ii V i B ij Q 3 V 3
V i V j V 2 V 3 V 4
Q 4 Q 4 Q 4
Q 4 V 4
V 2 V 3 V 4
Q 2 V 2 B 22 V 2 B 23 V 2 B 24 V 2
3
Q 3 V 3 B 32 V 3 B 33 V 3 B 34 V 3 k 1 k
Vi V i v i
Q 4 V 4 B 42 V 4 B 43 V 4 B 44 V 4
Q 2 Q i
V2
B 22 B 23 B 24 V 2
Vi
B V i
Q 3
V3
B 32 B 33 B 34 V 3 ” 1
Q
Q 4
B 42 B 43 B 44 V 4
V i B V i
i
V4
”
slac P
Examples k Q
18
P2
B 22 B 23 B 24 2
V2
P3 P P
B 32 B 33 B 34 3 Q
V3 Pi Q
P4
B 42 B 43 B 44 4
Vi
’
B i
V4
Q 2
B 22 B 23 B 24 V 2
B’=
V2
Q 3
”B
B 32 B 33 B 34 V 3
V3 Q i
Q 4 Vi
B V i
B 42 B 43 B 44 V 4
V4 ”
slac P
Examples k V
19
P2
B 22 B 23 B 24 2
V2
P3 P P
B 32 B 33 B 34 3 Q
V3 Pi Q
P4
B 42 B 43 B 44 4
Vi
’
B i
V4
B’≠
Q 3
V3
B 33 B 34 V 3 ”B
Q 4 Q i
V4
B 43 B 44 V 4 Vi
B V i
”
Construct
Fast Decoupled Flow Ybus
Chart
20 From Ybus find B’
”& B
Flat start |V|=1 &
δ=0
Modify
Calculate P & Q Ɐ
V i k 1 V i k v i bus which have P
&Q given
ik 1 ik i
Calculate
mismatch
ΔP =Pgiven - Pcal
1
ΔQ =Qgiven - Qcal
’B P
V
No Check Ye
1
ΔP| & |ΔQ|≤ ε| s
Q
V
B V
Sto
p
Test example
21
Fast Decoupled
3-buses
System
1
slack 3
22 PV
PQ
2
Data of the elements:
element Start end R X Y
1 1 2 0.02 0.0400 0
2 1 3 0.01 0.0300 0
3 2 3 0.0125 0.0250 0
Data of busbars:
Bus |V| σ Pg Qg PL QL Type
1 1.05 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 4 2.5 1
3 1.04 0 2 0 0 0 2
23
Ybus=
20 -50i -10+20i -10 +30i
-10 +20i 26 -52i -16 +32i
-10 +30i -16 +32i 26 -62i
Ybus (magnitude) =
53.8516 22.3607 31.6228
22.3607 58.1378 35.7771
31.6228 35.7771 67.2309
Ybus(angle)=
-68.1986 116.5651 108.4349
116.5651 -63.4349 116.5651
108.4349 116.5651 -67.2490
20 -50i -10+20i -10 +30i
-10 +20i 26 -52i -16 +32i
-10 +30i -16 +32i 26 -62i
24
' -52 32
B
32 -62
20 -50i -10+20i -10 +30i
-10 +20i 26 -52i -16 +32i
-10 +30i -16 +32i 26 -62i
'' -52
B
I1 20 50i 10 20i 10 30i 1.05 0 0.6 - 1.3i
I 10 20i 26 52i 16 32i 1 0 -1.14 + 2.28i
2 =
I 3 10 30i 16 32i 26 62i 1.04 0 0.54 - 0.98i
Scalculated=Vbus x Ibus*
25
Scalculated=Pcalculated +jQcalculated
0.63 + 1.3650i
Scalculated
-1.14 - 2.28i
0.5616 + 1.0192i
4 Qgiven 2.5
Pgiven
2
26 Qcalculated 2.28
1.14
Pcalculated
0.5616
Q 0.22
2.86
P
1.4384
P2
V2 52 32 2
P3 32 62 3
V3
2 0.028 0.015 2.86
3 0.015 0.024 1.383
2 0.0605
27
3 0.0089
2k 1 2k 2
2 0 0.0605 0.0605 (red)=-3.47
3 0 0.0089 0.0089 (red)=-0.51
Q2
52 V2
V2
1 Q2
V2 52
V2
V2 0.019 0.22
V2 0.00423
k 1 k
28 V2 V V2
2
V2 1 0.00423 0.995
Fast decoupled results
V 2k 1 V 2k V 2 1 0.00423 0.995
2k 1 2k 2 0 0.0605 0.0605 (red)=-3.47
3k 1 3k 3 0 0.0089 0.0089 (red)=-0.51
Newton Raphson results
V2k 1 V2k V2 1 0.013 0.987
k 1
2 0 0.0512 0.0512
2
k
2
(red)= -2.93
29
k 1
3 3 3 0 0.0073 0.0073
k (red)= -0.418
DC Load Flow
30
31
=
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
=
39
40
41
