New Testament:

the four GOSPELS

December 8, 2024 | Hator
29, 1741
 AGENDA
• Recap of Old Testament
I

• Historical context at time of Jesus

II • Historical events as recorded in the 4
Gospels

III • Conclusion and Q&A

2 I. Old Testament II. New Testament III. Conclusion

 Old TESTAMENT Books breakdown

Tobit
Judith Baruch

Esther

I Maccabees Wisdom
II Maccabees Sirach
Prayer of
Manasseh

3
 Historical timeline
O L D T E S TA M E N T: P R O M I S E O F A M E S S I A H

B.C
.

Genesis
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
 “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are little among the thousands of
Judah, yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel,
whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting.” – Micah 5:2
 “Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall
conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.” - Isaiah 7:14
 “For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will
Old testament be upon His shoulder….Upon the throne of David and over His kingdom…” – Isaiah
9:6-7
prophecies  “I will declare the decree: The Lord has said to Me, ‘You are My Son, today I
have begotten You…’” – Psalms 2:7
 “Behold, I send My messenger, And he will prepare the way before Me…” –
Malachi 3:1
 “The Lord has sworn and will not relent, “You are a priest forever according to
the order of Melchizedek…He shall judge among the nations…” – Psalms 110:4-6
 Circumcision is required of the people of Israel (Genesis 17:10-14)
Old covenant 

Different types of sacrifices required to atone for sins (Leviticus 1, 6:8-30)
Do not eat or touch animals which defiled the Israelites i.e. made them unclean
traditions & laws (Leviticus 11)
 Honoring the Sabbath and not working on the day of rest (Exodus 35:1-3)

 Jewish groups such as Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, etc.

Political landscape at  Sanhedrin (like the Supreme Court for the Jewish law) composed of Pharisees,
Sadducees, priests and prominent families
the time of Jesus  Non-Jews such as Samaritans, Gentiles, etc.
 Roman empire which imposed heavy taxes, unfair laws, etc.

5 20XX
 NEW TESTAMENT Books breakdown

6
Synoptic vs. non-synoptic gospels
The Greek word euangélion (εὐαγγέλιον) translates to "good news" or "Gospel" in
English. It is made up of the prefix eu- meaning "good" and the root word aggelion meaning
"message" or "news".

The Greek word synoptikós (συνοπτικός) translates to “seeing all together” or “from the
same point of view” in English.

The synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) were designed to be compilations of the
sermons, parables, proverbs, and miracles of our Lord.

The fourth and only non-synoptic Gospel (John) has a broader theological focus and is less
concerned with providing a straightforward narrative of events. For example, it contains no
parables, unlike the Synoptic Gospels.

The Church has many explanations as to why four gospels, but mainly relates the Gospels
to the four living creatures that Ezekiel saw in his revelation (Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 1) and
which John the beloved saw in his revelation (Revelation 4:7, Revelation 5)

7
Historical timeline
N E W T E S TA M E N T G O S P E L S : J E S U S C H R I S T ' S M I N I S T RY A N D L I F E

JOHN THE
BAPTIST CALLING JESUS’ JESUS’ JESUS’
BIRTH OF PREPARES OF THE 12 MINISTRY MINISTRY JESUS’ RESURRECTION
JESUS THE WAY APOSTLES BEGINS GROWS CRUCIFIXION AFTER 3 DAYS

Matthew 2:1 John 1:20-23 Luke 6:13-16 Luke 3:23 Matthew 5:2,17 John 19:16, 30 Luke 24:46

“Now after Jesus He confessed, and did “And when it was day, ”Now Jesus ”Then He opened Then he delivered Then He said to
was born in not deny, but He called His disciples Himself began His mouth Him to them to be them, “Thus it is
Bethlehem of confessed, “I am not to Himself; and from His ministry at and taught them, crucified. So they written, and thus
Judea in the days of the Christ.” He them He about thirty saying: ”…Do not took Jesus and it was necessary
Herod the king…” said: “I am ‘The chose twelve whom years of age, think that I came led Him away…And for the Christ to
voice of one crying He also named being (as was to destroy the bowing His head, suffer and to
in the wilderness: apostles: Simon, wh supposed) the son Law or the He gave up His rise from the
“Make straight the om He also named of Joseph…”. Prophets. I did not spirit.” dead the third
way of the Lord,” Peter, and Andrew come to destroy day…"
’as the prophet his brother; James but to fulfill.”
Isaiah said.” and John; Philip and
Bartholomew;
Matthew and
Thomas; James
the son of Alphaeus,
and Simon called the
Zealot;
Judas the son of
James, and Judas
3 Synoptic* GOSPELS | 1 non-synoptic gospel
1 Gospel of Matthew* 2 Gospel of Mark*
Date: approx. 58-64AD Date: approx. 47-52AD
Audience: Jews Audience:
Theme: Bridges the Old Gentiles/Romans
and New Covenants Theme: The redeemer
Christ, who came to save
sinners

3 Gospel of Luke* 4 Gospel of john

Date: approx. 58AD-64AD Date: approx. 90-100AD
Audience: Gentiles/Greeks Audience: All
Theme: Biography of Theme: Extreme heights &
Christ in a classical format, depth of the divinity of the
but in a divine style Lord Christ

9
3 Synoptic* GOSPELS | 1 non-synoptic gospel
1 Gospel of Matthew* 2 Gospel of Mark*
Date: approx. 58-64AD Date: approx. 47-52AD
Audience: Jews Audience:
Theme: Bridges the Old Gentiles/Romans
and New Covenants Theme: The redeemer
Christ, who came to save
sinners

3 Gospel of Luke* 4 Gospel of john

Date: approx. 58AD-64AD Date: approx. 90-100AD
Audience: Gentiles/Greeks Audience: All
Theme: Biography of Theme: Extreme heights &
Christ in a classical format, depth of the divinity of the
but in a divine style Lord Christ

10
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Matthew

Who is St. Matthew?

• Matthew is also referred to as Levi, the son of Alphaeus (Mark 2:13, Luke 5:27-29)
• He is a tax collector who was called from his employment to follow Christ (Matthew
9:9, 10:3)
• He was called to be one of the 12 Apostles of Christ

Saint Matthew wrote this Gospel for Jews

• He forms logical bridges between the Old and New Covenants
• He gives us the Gospel of Jesus, the Messiah of the Jews, the Messianic royalty of
Jesus as a descendant of King David
• He places the life and character of Jesus, as lived on earth, alongside the life and
character of the Messiah, as sketched in the prophets, showing Christianity as the
fulfillment of Judaism
• Our Lord Jesus is the true Messiah, the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecies (he
uses the term “fulfilled” in his Gospel 82 times)
• Matthew is the only evangelist to use the word church “and on this rock I will build
My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.” (Matthew 16:18,
18:17)
11
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Matthew

Gospel of Saint Matthew structure

• Matthew organized the writing of the Gospel according to topics and subjects
• The constitution of the Kingdom (Matt. 5-7)
• The servants of the Kingdom (Matt. 10)
• Parables of the Kingdom (Matt. 13)
• Children of the Kingdom (Matt. 18)
• The coming of the Kingdom (Matt. 24-25)

Early Church
• It was the most copied, most quoted, most used Gospel in catechism and in the
early liturgy by the church for the first two centuries
• It is generally related that he left Palestine to preach the Gospel in other countries;
it seems most probable that he preached in Arabia Felix, part of which was called
Ethiopia

12
3 Synoptic* GOSPELS | 1 non-synoptic gospel
1 Gospel of Matthew* 2 Gospel of Mark*
Date: approx. 58-64AD Date: approx. 47-52AD
Audience: Jews Audience:
Theme: Bridges the Old Gentiles/Romans
and New Covenants Theme: The redeemer
Christ, who came to save
sinners

3 Gospel of Luke* 4 Gospel of john

Date: approx. 58AD-64AD Date: approx. 90-100AD
Audience: Gentiles/Greeks Audience: All
Theme: Biography of Theme: Extreme heights &
Christ in a classical format, depth of the divinity of the
but in a divine style Lord Christ

13
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Mark

Who is St. Mark?

• St. Mark is also referred to as John Mark (Acts 12:12, 12:25, etc.)
• St. Mark is not one of the 12 Apostles, however, according to church tradition it is
believed that his mother was a well-known believer in Jerusalem in whose house the
church regularly met (Jesus’ washing of the disciples’ feet (John 13:1-17), the
instituting of the Lord’s Supper (Mark 14:14-15), etc.)

Saint Mark wrote this Gospel for the Romans

• It is the shortest Gospel and the first of the four Gospels to be written
• The Gospel represented the character and career of Jesus from the Roman point of
view, as answering to the idea of divine power, work, law, conquest and universal
sway

14
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Mark

Gospel of Saint Mark structure

• The Gospel of Mark is structured in such a way that the last week of our Lord Jesus’
life is the focus of over 1/3 of the book
• “For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His
life a ransom for many.” (Mark 10:45, Isaiah 53)
• The Servant Presented (1:1-2:12)
• The Servant Opposed (2:13-8:26)
• The Servant Teaches (8:27-10:52)
• The Servant Rejected (11:1-15:47)
• The Servant Exiled (16:1-20)

Early Church
• St. Mark, according to our Church’s tradition, was a relative of both Apostles Peter
and Barnabas and he accompanied St. Paul and St. Peter in their evangelizing trips
• Saint Mark preached Christianity in Egypt and he is the founder and first Pope of the
Coptic Orthodox Church

15
3 Synoptic* GOSPELS | 1 non-synoptic gospel
1 Gospel of Matthew* 2 Gospel of Mark*
Date: approx. 58-64AD Date: approx. 47-52AD
Audience: Jews Audience:
Theme: Bridges the Old Gentiles/Romans
and New Covenants Theme: The redeemer
Christ, who came to save
sinners

3 Gospel of Luke* 4 Gospel of john

Date: approx. 58AD-64AD Date: approx. 90-100AD
Audience: Gentiles/Greeks Audience: All
Theme: Biography of Theme: Extreme heights &
Christ in a classical format, depth of the divinity of the
but in a divine style Lord Christ

16
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Luke

Who is St. Luke?

• Traditionally, Saint Luke has been considered to be a Gentile
• St. Luke is not one of the 12 Apostles, however, according to church tradition he is
believed to be one of the 70 disciples sent by Jesus Himself to proselytize (Luke
10:1
• St. Luke was highly educated, and a physician (Colossians 4:14) and tradition holds
him to be the first iconographer (who painted the Holy Theotokos and Christ)
• Saint Luke used terms in his Gospel related to medicine, cures, diseases, etc. at
least 300 times

Saint Luke wrote this Gospel for the Greeks

• It is the longest Gospel
• Greek was his mother tongue (he writes the best Koine Greek of all the New
Testament writers with the possible exception of Hebrews)
• This Gospel introduces for us the priesthood and sacrificial ministry of Christ, as
well as Christ, the servant of mankind; Christ was both the sacrificial Lamb and the
offering Priest who offered the sacrifice

17
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of Luke

Gospel of Saint Luke book structure

• Luke is the Gospel of Prayer
• Jesus, to Him the Glory, is portrayed frequently at prayer, for example
• At His baptism (3:21)
• After ministering to crowds (5:16)
• Before choosing the 12 (6:12)
• On the return of the 70 from their mission (10:21)
• Before teaching the disciples to pray (11:1)
• Twice on the cross (23:34, 46)
• St Luke records what is very likely an interview with Saint Mary the Theotokos in
regards to her account of the events of the virgin conception and virgin birth of our
Lord Jesus (Luke 1:26-2:52) including St Mary’s “Song of Praise” called the
“Magnificant” in Luke 1:46-55

Early Church
• Saint Luke became a travel companion on the missionary journeys of the Apostle
Paul
• Saint Luke most likely joined the Apostle Paul in the region of Troas while St Paul
18 and Timothy were on route to Philippi (Acts 16:11)
3 Synoptic* GOSPELS | 1 non-synoptic gospel
1 Gospel of Matthew* 2 Gospel of Mark*
Date: approx. 58-64AD Date: approx. 47-52AD
Audience: Jews Audience:
Theme: Bridges the Old Gentiles/Romans
and New Covenants Theme: The redeemer
Christ, who came to save
sinners

3 Gospel of Luke* 4 Gospel of john

Date: approx. 58AD-64AD Date: approx. 90-100AD
Audience: Gentiles/Greeks Audience: All
Theme: Biography of Theme: Extreme heights &
Christ in a classical format, depth of the divinity of the
but in a divine style Lord Christ

19
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of John

Who is St. John?

• He was a fisherman on the Sea of Galilee with his brother, James
• He was called to be one of the 12 Apostles of Christ
• On the Cross, our Lord Jesus entrusted His mother, the Virgin Mary, to John’s care
(19:26, 27)
• Early church tradition unanimously testified that Saint John outlived all of the other
Apostles and he was the only Apostle of the 12 who was not martyred
• Saint John is believed to be the youngest disciple and also the “beloved disciple” of
Christ (13:23, 2:7, 20)

Saint John wrote this Gospel for All believers

• The only non-synoptic Gospel
• Introduction: Word = Logos = Our Lord Jesus Christ
• This Gospel is for the Christian, to cherish and train those who have entered the
new kingdom of Christ, into the highest spiritual life
• Believed to have been written during the time of the Gnostic heresy (Gnostics
believed that the physical realm was evil, and that Jesus was either not a physical
human or had a limited humanity)
20
NEW TESTAMENT: gospel of John

Gospel of Saint John structure

• Breakdown
• Miracles; seven of which are unique to John (1-11)
• Passion/Suffering (12-19)
• Resurrection and Appearance (20-21)
• Seven great “I AMs”
• I am the Bread of life
• I am the light of the world
• I am the door of the sheep
• I am the good shepherd
• I am the resurrection and the life
• I am the way, the truth, and the life
• I am the true vine

Early Church
• After the dormition of Saint Mary in Jerusalem he moved to Asia Minor and settled in
Ephesus, the largest city in that area
• From this city, he was exiled to the Island of Patmos during the reign of the
21 oppressive Roman Emperor Domitian (AD 81-96) and was later released and
 Maps at time of Jesus Christ
The Roman Empire The Holy Land

22
 Chronology of
Jesus’ Life and
Ministry

23 20XX
 Composite of the Four Gospels
MATTHEW MARK LUKE JOHN

BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD

Mt. 1-2 Lk. 1-2 Jn. 1:1-18
OF JESUS

MINISTRY OF JOHN,
JESUS’ BAPTISM Mt. 3:1-4:11 Mk. 1:1-13 Lk. 3:1-4:13 Jn. 1:19-34
AND TEMPTATION

EARLY
Jn. 1:35-5:47
JUDEAN MINISTRY

GALILEAN MINISTRY Mt. 4:12-13:58 Mk. 1:14-6:13 Lk. 4:14-9:6

WITHDRAWALS Mt. 14:1-18:35 Mk. 6:14-9:50 Lk. 9:7-9:50 Jn. 6:1-71

LATER
Lk. 9:51-13:21 Jn. 7:1-10:21
JUDEAN MINISTRY

PEREAN MINISTRY
Mt. 19-20 Mk. 10 Lk. 13:22-19:28 Jn. 10:22-11:53
(JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM)

HOLY WEEK Mt. 21-27 Mk. 11-15 Lk. 19:29-23:56 Jn. 11:54-19:42

RESURRECTION,
Mt. 28 Mk. 16 Lk. 24 Jn. 20-21
APPEARANCES

24 20XX
Saul becomes Paul
Luke
Early church (Prisca and Aquila)
Paul’s 4 missionary journeys

4 gospels; 4 compass directions NESW

Why did Jesus not write any books

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 ‘Gospel’ meaning
The Greek word euangélion (εὐαγγέλιον) translates
to "good news" or "Gospel" in English.

It is made up of the prefix eu- meaning "good" and the

root word aggelion meaning "message" or "news".

The Greek word synoptikós (συνοπτικός) translates to

“seeing all together” or “from the same point of view”
in English.

The synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) were

designed to be compilations of the sermons, parables,
proverbs, and miracles of our Lord.

The fourth and only non-synoptic Gospel (John) has

a broader theological focus and is less concerned with
providing a straightforward narrative of events. For
example, it contains no parables, unlike the Synoptic
Gospels.
26
 Four gospels

The Church has many explanations as to why four

gospels, but mainly relates the Gospels to the
four living creatures that Ezekiel saw in his
revelation and which John the beloved saw in his
revelation:
• “Each one had four faces: the first face was
the face of a cherub, the second face the
face of a man, the third the face of a lion,
and the fourth the face of an eagle.” –
Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 1
• “The first living creature was like a lion, the
second living creature like a calf, the third
living creature had a face like a man, and
the fourth living creature was like a flying
eagle.” – Revelation 4:7, Revelation 5

27
28 20XX
 Jesus’ lineage That is not 14
generations
from Shealtiel
to Jesus
matthew

29
30
 Gospel
• “The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abraham.” –
Matthew 1:1
• “The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.” – Mark 1:1
• Dedication to Theophilus Luke 1
• “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” –
John 1:1
• The Greek word euangélion (εὐαγγέλιον) translates to "good news" or "gospel" in
English. It is made up of the prefix eu- meaning "good" and the root word aggelion
meaning "message" or "news".
• Gospel (Anglo-Saxon) = Good news, good tidings
• Synoptic Gospels: the Greek word “Syn” means “together”, “optic” means “seeing”, so
“seeing together”
• The Synoptic Gospels are Matthew, Mark and Luke. They have similar stories and events
from the life of our Lord Jesus
• Only Matthew and Luke tell of our Lord Jesus’ birth and childhood
• Matthew and Mark: focus on Galilean ministry
• Luke: focus on Peraean ministry
• John: focus on Judean ministry
31
New Testament:
GOSPELS & ACTS
December 8, 2024 | Hator
29, 1741
Historical timeline (2 of 2)
N E W T E S TA M E N T: J E S U S C H R I S T ' S M I N I S T RY A N D L I F E

TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD

40 days with Holy spirit, ACTS Sets stage for tbd tbd tbd
apostles Pentecost letters in remainder
Peter’s vision of NT

1st Jerusalem
council? (total 3-4)
34 presentation title 20XX
 Agenda
3 Introduction

4 Primary goals

5 areas of growth

10 timeline

13 summary
 INTRODUCTION
At Contoso, we empower
organizations to foster collaborative
thinking to further drive workplace
innovation. By closing the loop and
leveraging agile frameworks, we
help business grow organically and
foster a consumer-first mindset.

36 presentation title 20XX

Q&A
OUR TEAM
Takuma Mirjam Flora Rajesh
Hayashi​​ Nilsson Berggren Santoshi

president chief operations chief executive officer vp marketing

officer

38 presentation title 20XX

 OUR Extended TEAM

Takuma Hayashi​​ Mirjam Nilsson Flora Berggren Rajesh Santoshi

president chief operations chief executive vp marketing
officer officer

Graham barnes rowan murphy ELIZAbeth moore robin kline

vp product seo strategist product designer content developer

39 presentation title 20XX

 TIMELINE

SEPT NOV JAN Mar MAY

Synergize Disseminate Coordinate e- Foster Deploy
scalable e- standardized business holistically strategic
commerce metrics applications superior networks with
methodologie compelling e-
s business
needs

YEAR 20XX
40 presentation title 20XX
AREAS OF FOCUS
b2b market scenarios
 Develop winning strategies to keep
ahead of the competition

 Capitalize on low-hanging fruit to

identify a ballpark value

 Visualize customer directed

convergence

cloud-based opportunities
 Iterative approaches to corporate
strategy

 Establish a management framework

from the inside

41 presentation title 20XX

 At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%. By using our next-generation
data architecture, we help organizations virtually manage agile
workflows. We thrive because of our market knowledge and great
team behind our product. As our CEO says, "Efficiencies will come
from proactively transforming how we do business."

SUMMAR
Y
42 presentation title 20XX
THANK YOU
MIRJAM NILSSON

mirjam@[Link]

[Link]