Sequential & Feedback
Control System
INTRODUCTION
• A control system is a control system for a
process or plant, wherein control elements are
distributed throughout the system.
• In a DCS, a hierarchy of controllers is
connected by communications networks for
command and monitoring.
DEFINITION
• A control system may be operated by electricity,
by mechanical means, by fluid pressure (liquid or
gas), or by a combination of means. When a
computer is involved in the control circuit, it is
usually more convenient to operate all of the
control systems electrically, although
intermixtures are fairly common.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF CONTROL
SYSTEM
• Plant
• Feedback
• Controller
• Error detector
• Plant: The portion of a system which is to be
controlled or regulated is called as plant or process. It
is a unit where actual processing is performed and
the input of the plant is the controlled signal
generated by a controller.
• Feedback: It is a controlled action in which the
output is sampled and a proportional signal is given
to the input for automatic correction of any changes
in the desired output. The output is given as
feedback to the input for correction i.e. information
about output is given to input for correcting the
changes in output due to disturbances. The feedback
signal is fed to the error detector.
• Error Detector: The function of error detector is to
compare the reference input with the feedback signal. It
produces an error signal which is a difference of two
inputs which are reference signal and a feedback signal.
The error signal is fed to the controller for necessary
controlled action.
• Controller: The element of a system within itself or
external to the system which controls the plant is called
as a controller. The error signal will be a weak signal and
so it has to be amplified and then modified for better
control action. In most of the systems, the controller
itself amplifies the error signal and integrates or
differentiates to generate a control signal.
Sequential Control System:-
• Process Involves a series of tasks.
• Time - or event- driven.
• Make Use of Discrete inputs/outputs, timers,
counters, logic Controller.
Feedback Control:-
• Operation that maintains the system at a
desired set-point.
Types of Control Systems
• Open loop control systems
• Closed loop control system
• Open loop control systems:-
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
OPEN LOOP CONTROL
• In open loop control system when we start the
pump it will continue fill the fluid in the tank but
at a time tank will overflow still pump will not
stop. In open loop control we have no feedback
that what is going on in process.
• We have to manually control the pump by putting
a man at near the tank .He will see that if the high
level switch glow then he will stop the pump and
if lo level will glow then he will start the pump.
ADVANTAGES OF OPEN LOOP SYSTEM
• The open loop systems are simple and
economical.
• They are easier to construct.
• The open loop systems are stable.
DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN LOOP SYSTEM
• The open loop systems are inaccurate and
unreliable.
• The changes in the output due to external
disturbances are not corrected automatically.
Closed
Loop
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
• In open loop control system when we start the
pump we have no status of the tank level but in
closed loop control we have status of tank level
and if tank level goes below, low level switch act
and the pump will start by controller.
• In second case if the tank level goes high then
the high level switch act and controller stop the
pump. Hence the difference between the open
loop and closed loop control system
ADVANTAGES OF CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM
• Closed loop systems are accurate.
• They are accurate even in the presence of
nonlinearity.
• They are more stable.
• They are less affected by noise.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM
• They are complex and expensive.
• The feedback in closed loop system may leave
to oscillatory response.
• More care is needed to design a closed loop
system.
• The overall gain of the system is reduced due
to feedback.
EXAMPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
• Distinct examples of control systems are as
follows:
• Liquid level control system
• Room temperature control system
• Traffic control system
• Home heating systems
Sequential Control System
• A control system in which the individual steps are processed in
a predetermined order, progression from one sequence step to
the next being dependent on defined conditions being satisfied.
Such a system may be time-dependent, in which the step
transition conditions are functions of time only; on external-
event dependent, where the conditions are functions of Input
signals only; or combinations of these.
• A Sequential Control System is used to repeat all the events in
operation throughout a production cycle that consists of on/off
relay logic, time delay and elapsed-time periods, predetermined
counts of pulses and pulse outputs for set-point control. The
Sequential Control System is the processed in a predetermined
order, progression from one sequence step to the next being
dependent on defined conditions being satisfied.
OIL GUN
OIL GUN START SEQUENCE
OIL GUN STOP SEQUENCE
MRHS- SEQ – STEP-1
MRHS- SEQ – STEP-2
SGC
ATRS STEP-1
THANK YOU
