Big Idea: Classification and
HERE’S Properties of Matter
THE
MATTER
Theme Focus: Matter is
described by its different
properties
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Recognize that substances are made up of smaller particles
• Describe the arrangement, relative spacing, and relative motion of particles in each
of the three phases of matter
• Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter and give examples
• Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties of matter and give examples
• Identify and separate substances based on their properties
• Differentiate between pure substances and mixtures. elements and compounds,
homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
• Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances
Lesson 1.1
NATURE AND STATES OF MATTER
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
WHAT MAKES MATTER SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS?
Five main principles of
Leucipus and Democritus’
theory
All matter is made up of atoms that are
too tiny to be seen by the naked eyes.
Atoms are in constant motion around an
empty space called void.
Atoms are completely solid.
Atoms are uniform, with no internal
structure.
Atoms come in different shapes and sizes.
States of Matter
SOLID
— have definite shape
— particles are tightly packed together
— particles vibrate in a fixed position; they cannot move around or slide past
each other
— have high densities
— can expand only slightly when heated
LIQUID
— has no definite shape but has definite volume
— particles in liquid are close with one another
— particles are not arranged in a rigid or orderly manner;they can slide past each
other, allowing the liquid to flow freely and take the shape of the container
— liquids are almost incompressible, but they tend to expand slightly when
heated
— they generally have medium densities
GAS
— take the shape of their container
— no definite volume
— can expand to fill any volume; it takes both the shape and volume of its
container
— particles are usually much farther apart
— easily compressed into a smaller volume when pressure is increased, but greatly
expand when heated
— have low densities
PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Can be observed without changing the composition of a substance
Examples:
Phase (solid, liquid, gas) Examples:
— Phase (solid, liquid, gas)
— Color
— Solubility
— Density
— Melting
— Color
— Solubility
— Density
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Can be observed with an accompanying
change in the chemical composition of a
substance
Examples:
— Flammability
— Chemical reactivity
PURE SUBSTANCE
• ELEMENT
• the simplest type of
matter that is composed
CLASSIFICATIONS of only one kind of atom
OF MATTER
• given specific one-letter or
two-letter symbols
• the complete element
symbols are shown in the
periodic table
COMPOUND
- composed of two or more elements combined
chemically in definite proportions
- the symbol includes the element(s) that
comprise it and the number of atoms of each
element
- may be classified as either covalent or ionic
- can be decomposed into their constituent
elements only through chemical means
- properties of a compound are very different
from those of the elements that constitute the
compound
MIXTURES
HOMEGENOUS
— The appearance, properties, and composition
are uniform throughout a sample
— Solution is a homogeneous mixture of
substances and can be physically combined
in varying proportions
— Solutions are made up of two parts. The
solute is the substance that gets dissolved;
the solvent is the one that does the
dissolving.
Heterogeneous
- Mixtures whose
components are not evenly
distributed in the sample
and can thus be physically
identified
