Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory 4
Experiments
Experiment 1 Studying Boyle’s law
Experiment 2 The pressure law
Experiment 3 Conducting heat in air
Experiment 4 A
mechanical model of a ga
s
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Expt 1 Studying Boyle’s law
Purpose
To find the relation between the pressure
and volume of a gas at a constant
temperature.
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Procedure
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Discussion
1. The rubber tubing should be short. Why?
To minimize the volume of air in the tubing.
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Discussion
2. Connections should be air-tight (e.g. sealed with
Vaseline). Why?
avoid air leakage.
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Discussion
3. Why must we push the piston gently and slowly?
To allow the air inside the syringe to attain the
same temperature as its surroundings.
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Discussion
4. Do not hold the syringe too long with your hands.
Why?
To avoid warming up the air inside by the hands.
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The End
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Expt 2 The pressure law
Purpose
To study the relation between the pressure
and temperature of a gas at a constant
volume.
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Procedure
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Discussion
1. We have to heat the water gently and keep stirring
it. Why?
To ensure the water temperature is uniform and the
temperature of the air inside the flask is equal to the water
temperature.
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Discussion
2. The rubber tubing should be short. Why?
The temperature of the air inside the rubber tubing is
slightly lower than that in the flask. So the rubber tubing
should be short to reduce error.
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Discussion
3. The air in the fl ask should be dry. Why?
To ensure that the air behaves like an ideal gas. If the air
is not dry, the water vapour inside will affect the result.
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Discussion
4. There is heat lost to the surroundings. Does it
affect the result?
No
The air temperature inside the flask is still the same as
the water temperature, even when there is heat lost to the
surroundings.
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The End
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Expt 3 Conducting heat in air
Purpose
To study how the volume of a gas changes
with temperature at constant pressure.
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Procedure
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Discussion
1. Lubricant oil is added to the gap between the
syringe and the piston. Why?
To reduce the friction between the piston and the inner
wall of the syringe.
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Discussion
2. The air inside the fl ask should be dry. Why?
To ensure that the air behaves like an ideal gas.
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Discussion
3. The heating process should be slow. Why?
To ensure that the temperature of the gas is the same as
that of the water bath.
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Discussion
4. There is heat lost to the surroundings. Does it
affect the result?
No
The air temperature inside the flask is still the same as the
water temperature, even when there is heat lost to the
surroundings.
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The End
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Expt 4 A mechanical model of a gas
Purpose
To simulate the motion of gas molecules.
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Procedure
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Discussion
1. Describe the change in the average speed of the
beads and the frequency of bombardment on the
walls for each case in step 3.
(a) average speed increases, frequency remains unchanged
(b) average remains unchanged, frequency increases
(c) average remains unchanged, frequency increases
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Discussion
2. In a real situation, gas molecules could keep on
moving by themselves without an external energy
supply, but in this model energy has to be
supplied to the beads continuously by the vibrator.
Why?
The collisions between the gas molecules are elastic. The tot. KE
is conserved ⇒ no external energy supply is needed.
In the jumping beads model, the collisions between the beads
are inelastic. The beads lose their KE after collisions ⇒ energy
has toHeat
beand
supplied
Gases
continuously to compensate the KE loss. 26
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The End
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