METHODS, PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT

INLVOLVED IN HANDLING OF SOLIDS:

FEEDERS AND STORAGE SILOS

BSME 4B ( GROUP 1)

ALONZO, FRIYA VIDA ADOLFO

ASUNCION, JAYSON GARBIN
BALMORES, CARL DAVONN POLITUD
BANIQUED, JONATHAN PERICO
YALUNG, GWEN LOUISSE MANLUTAC
What is Material Handling?
– Material handling is the movement of materials and goods from
one location to another. It includes protecting, storing, and
controlling the materials, from manufacturing to distribution.

– Material handling can be used across industries, but is typically

utilized in warehousing, where goods need to be securely
stored, retrieved, and shipped.

– Material handling equipment utilizes manual, semi-automated,

and automated equipment to assist the movement and storage
of materials within the warehouse.
Bulk Material Handling
• Include any materials that are dry, granular, powdery, or lumpy in
nature, such as cement powder, animal kibble or grains. The way
in which bulk materials are handled depends on what the material
is.
• Bulk material handling is an engineering process of designing
machines and structures for moving and processing bulk
materials within an area, such as a factory floor. Bulk materials
are typically raw materials that need to be processed further.
These materials are delivered to the factory or processing facility
on trucks, ships or trains.
 Equipments Involved in
Handling of Solids

FEEDERS STORAGE SILOS

FEEDERS
• Feeders are machine that transfer or transport material or
products to a predetermined storage area or to other
processing equipment in assembly and manufacturing.
• A feeder is simply a conveyor that is utilized over short
distances with a steady rate of dispersion. There are
several feeder types to accomodate a wide range of
businesses.
 TYPES OF FEEDERS
1 APRON FEEDERS 2 BELT FEEDER

3 BOWL FEEDER 4 GRIZZLY FEEDER

5 RECIPROCATING FEEDER 6 ROTARY FEEDER

7 SCREW FEEDER 8 STEPPER FEEDER

9 VIBRATORY FEEDER
 1. APRON FEEDER
The apron feeder is a reliable feeding
method for when the material to be
conveyed is lumpy, abrasive, heavy,
high temperature. it is a feeding
solution more robust than a traditional
belt feeder is required.
Apron feeders are designed to feed
material at a desired handling
capacity to downstream equipment.
The conveyed material is on many
overlapping pans attached to multiple
strands of a heavy tractor crawler-
type chain.
 2. BELT FEEDER
Belt feeders are short belt conveyors
that are specifically designed for
material flow regulation, extracting
material from one area and ensuring
that downstream equipment receives
the appropriate volume. These units are
often installed underneath storage
structures such as silos or hoppers or
maybe operated horizontally or inclined
to save headroom.
3. BOWL FEEDER
A bowl feeder is a vibratory instrument
for supplying predominantly small parts
and components to a production line for
automation, or for sorting bulk items for
rapid use. Vibratory bowl feeders are a
robust and reliable solution for handling
and sorting bulk materials and orienting
them correctly for assembly purposes.
 USES OF BOWL FEEDERS

Feeding and Automating Counting out Inspecting and

Positioning Parts Manual Labor Precise Parts Detecting Parts
 4. GRIZZLY FEEDER
Grizzly feeders have been designed to excel in
the harshest conditions and applications. High
abrasion resistance, durable heat-treated drive
console and high quality vibrators ensure peak
efficiency, reliable feeding and effective long-
term operation with minimum breakdowns.
 5. RECIPROCATING
FEEDER
Reciprocating/Plate Feeders are a
reciprocating tray type feeder. Mechanical
models feature a crank or eccentric and
connecting rod to produce the reciprocating
motion needed to move the material toward
the discharge end. Hydraulically operated
designs use a hydraulic cylinder to produce
this motion. The feeder discharges on the
backstroke of the plate; no material is
discharged in the forward stroke.
 6. ROTARY FEEDER
Rotary table feeders are generally used for
the volumetric feeding of fine bulk materials
solids which have reasonably good
flowability. They are suitable to install under
storage unit outlet of larger diameter to
prevent clogging by the sluggish material.
The feeders are suitable for nonabrasive and
marginally abrasive bulk materials. The
material continuously rubs/slides on the
table. However, table can be fitted with thick
liner if needed. Discharge is volumetric in
nature. The capacity range is usually less
than 20 cum/ hour.
 7. SCREW FEEDER
The screw feeders are suitable for material
which are granular / powdery or which have
small size lumps. Screw feeders are widely
used for bulk materials of low or zero cohesion
such as fine and granular materials which have
to be dispensed under controlled conditions at
low flow rates. However, as with belt feeders,
design difficulties arise when the requirement is
to feed along a slotted hopper outlet. An equal
pitch, constant diameter screw has a tendency
to draw material from the back of the hopper.
 TYPES OF SCREW FEEDERS

Variable Pitch Conical Screw Feeder Mass Flow Screw Feeder

Screw Feeder
8. STEPPER FEEDER
Stepper feeder can lift the workpieces to the
top with opposed lifting plates within a
controllable speed, thus reaching the
desired transition height without any further
materials-handling technology. The stepper
feeder system can also handle large parts
at higher rates than can be achieved in
most traditional vibratory feeders, thus
accelerating the whole feeding process.

We can design different types of hoppers

and elevators which can hold different
amounts of parts according to your specific
needs. The feed rate of the stepper feeder
is also under control.
 9. VIBRATORY FEEDER
Vibratory feeders are used extensively
in controlling the discharge of bulk
materials from storing units and
stockpiles and directing these
materials onto the conveyor belts.
They are especially suitable for a
broad range of bulk materials, are
being able to accommodate a range of
particle sizes, and are being
particularly suitable for abrasive
materials. However they are generally
not suited to fine powders under 150 to
200 mesh where flooding can be a
problem. Also ‘sticky’ cohesive
materials may lead to build-up on the
pan leading to a reduction in flow rate.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Conveyors and feeders are a major part of the
manufacturing and construction industries, moving items
and materials quickly and efficiently between two or more
areas. When conveyors and feeders are not properly
maintained, workers are not aware of the dangers and
risks of working around conveyors and feeders. It may
start to let the employer fails to provide a safe work
environment for their employees, accidents can occur.
 HAZARDS/ CAUSES OF CONVEYOR AND
FEEDER ACCIDENTS

• LACK OF TRAINING
• FALLING ITEMS
• IMPROPER CONVEYOR AND FEEDER ASSEMBLY
• HAZARDOUS SPEED
• UNGUARDED CONVEYOR OR FEEDER
• DEFECTIVE DESIGN OR MANUFACTURE
• ELECTRICAL, FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS
 WHEN WORKING NEAR
ANY FEEDER OR CONVEYOR
DO DONT’S
• Wear hard hat and safety shoes • Do not wear loose clothing or
• Tie back long hair jewelry
• Know the location of the emergency • Do not climb, step, sit or ride in the
“shut-off” devices and how to use conveyors
them • Do not alter or remove guards or
• Make sure all safeguards and giards safety devices
including cages, barriers, guardrails, • Do not try to remove stuck items or
warning signals and other safety
debisuntil the conveyors is locked
devices that re required in place and
out
operational
• Do not service the conveyor without
• Know how to work near machiner
safely following lock-out procedures
STORAGE SILOS
WHAT ARE STORAGE SILOS?
Storage silos are structures
designed to store grain and
other material in bulk or powder.
They are also used for storing
other elements such as cement,
calcium oxide, calcium
hydroxide, activated carbon or
plastic resins, among others.
 WHAT ARE STORAGE SILOS?
• The most common storage silos are cylindrical with a
metal support although there are also rectangular and
square ones. They are similar to a tower and the material
with which they are built can be metal, stainless steel,
reinforced concrete, wood, reinforced plastic, fiberglass,
etc.
• They are made to measure, taking into account the
product to be stored, the environmental conditions or their
location. They can be closed or open, and the interior
surface is smooth and lined with special coatings.
 STORAGE CAPACITY OF SILOS
• The standard capacity of silos is 50000 MT, but this
can be increased to multiple of 25000 MT
depending on the requirements. The private party
is chosen through an open advertisement and a
two- stage tendering process
 FEATURES OF STORAGE SILOS
• Wood, reinforced plastic, reinforced concrete or stainless
steel are used to build the silos
• The size and design of silos are determined by the
amount of product to be stored, the environmental
conditions and the site conditions
• Silos have rovisions for opening and vclosing to load and
unload materials. To avoid any reaction with the stored
content, the interior surface of the silos is smooth and
lined wityh special coatings.
 TYPES OF STORAGE SILOS
The types of silos may vary depending on the raw
material to be stored and are classified into three
types: Tower silos, Bunker silos and Bag silos
TOWER SILOS
Tower silos are vertical cylindrical
structures. Grain, cement, and
woodchips typically unload from tower
silos with air slides or augers. Rail
cars, trucks, and conveyors are used
for unloading.
The material stored in tower silos,
also known as the silage, usually
packs well because of its weight,
except for the top few feet where
there is less weight to press it down.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• ADVANTAGES
- It tends to pack well, due to its own weight
- Reduced storage losses
- Requires less contruction space
- Increases mechanization during filling and feed out
- Easy to unload
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

• DISADVANTAGES
- Higher initial cost
- Unloads more slowly
- Silage moisture cannot be as high as in other types
of silos
BUNKER SILOS
Bunker silos are long ditches,
usually sided with concrete
walls, that are used to hold
silage such as dry goods.
Once the trench is filled, it is
made airtight with a plastic tarp
covering it. Bunker silos are
inexpensive because they are
easy to construct, and are well
suited for sizeable operations.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• ADVANTAGES
- Holds large capacity
- It can be filled with conventional farm equipment
- Offers faster unloading rates
- Forage quality changes occur gradually if filled using the
progressive wedge
- Inexpensive
- Well suited to very large operations
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

• DISADVANTAGES
- Higher Initial cost
- Requires greater care in filling and packing
- Will not work for smaller herds
- Need usually unloading with tractor and loader
 BAG SILOS
Bag silos are large cylindrical plastic
bags that are filled with silage before
both ends are sealed. The silo
unloading equipment used is a loader
or a tractor. The bag is usually torn off
in sections during unloading, but it can
be saved and reused if not torn. An
advantage of bag silos is they’re
inexpensive and are often used as a
temporary fix for when growth or
harvest conditions require more space,
although some farms use them every
year.
BAG SILOS
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• ADVANTAGES
- Lower capital investment
- Flexible storage system
- Feed is easily inventoried
- Can be used for smalland large herds
- Fewer safety and health hazards
- Lowr Storage Losses
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

• DISADVANTAGES
- Specialized equipment may be needed
- Plastic disposal creates extra labor and environmental
concerns
- Bags must remain intact, compromised bag can result in a
complete loss
 APPLICATION OF STORAGE SILOS

• The silos can be used in agriculture to store food, in

chemical industries to store plastic resins, in cement
factories to stre cedment, calcium oxides, and variety s
activated carbond and so on. The military uses banker
silos to store and manage missiles.
 MATERIALS YOU CAN
STORE IN METAL BULK
STORAGE SILOS
Understanding which materials are suitable
for storage in metal silos is the first step in
comprehending the significance of bulk
material storage silos and how to construct
the best silos from metal.
 GRAIN
Farmers all over the world
rely on metal bulk
material storage silos to
store grain for extended
periods of time because
grain is one of the most
frequently stored
materials.
Corn storage silos with flat
bottoms
 WOOD CHIPS
Wood chips are used in a
lot of different ways, like
making biomass power
and grinding them into
wood pulp for paper
mills. These material can
also be used for regular
gardening, landscaping
and restoration projects.
SILAGE
Metal Silos can be
used to store silage,
which is tored plant
material that is used
for livestock feed.

Silage storage silos with conical

bottoms
CEMENT
Cement distributor
yards and construction
sites have access to
metal bulk material
storage silos, which
are essential for
cement storage. Metal Silos at Cement Plant
 SAND
Sabd would make perfect
sense to store in asilo.
First and foremost, it
stops sand from blowing
around. Second, it keeps
the sand contained,
which tends to flows like
a liquid.
 STORAGE SILOS
MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST
To make it easier to record and refer to data,
create a preventive maintenance checklist
that clearly specifies the components to be
evaluated and the inspection criteria to use.
 MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST
• If your silo is made of reinforced concrete, look for
corossion, rebar that is exposed, unusual cracking,
concret spalling or wall stains that mean there is a leak.
• If you have a metal silo, look for bolted jints near the top
of the hopper, sheet waviness, elongated bolt holes,
cracks between the bolts, outward bulging of the cone
shell near the top and damage at vertical seams.
• Find and fix or replace liners that are loose or damage
• Remove any material buildup from the exterios of the
outodoor silos that could hold water.
THANK YOU!!
REFERENCES:
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material-handling
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urce=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=%E6%9D
%BF%E5%BC%8F%E7%BB%99%E6%96%99%E6%9C
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%20feeder&utm_content=%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF
%83%E8%AF%8D
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