Design
Presentation
On
Treatment of
Natural Gas
(30 MMSCFD)
Group Representatives:
Muhammad Ahmad Mazher (2K17-CHE-16)
Sheraz Fiaz (2K17-CHE-18)
Group No# Ismail Mureed (2K17-CHE-20)
05
Nadir Ahmad (2K17-CHE-35)
Sikandar Azhar (2K17-CHE-49)
Supervisor:
Engr. Dr. Muhammad Rizwan
Co-Supervisor:
Engr. Shahid Nazar
Topics to be
covered
Process selection and
description
Equipment designing
Cost Estimation
Instrumentation
Overview of HAZOP
Study
Amine Sweetening Process
Our Project Selected Process
Treatment processes
• Purpose of gas sweetening:
The process which prepares raw natural gas for the market by removing
the acid components is called “Gas Sweetening.”
Purification level requirements
• H2S concentration must be reduced to 0.2 g/100 scf.
• CO2 concentration must be reduced to a maximum of 3 to 4 mole%
(Engineering Data Book, 2004)
Typical amine reversible
chemical reaction
process
The unit operation of gas sweeting
Amine gas is absorption-stripping Operation
Sweetening • Amine gas treating solvents:
• Diethanolamine (DEA)
• Monoethanolamide (MEA)
• Methyl diethanolamine (MDEA)
• Diisopropylamino (DIPA)
• Aminoethoxy ethanol (Dialkylamine) (DGA)
Selection of MONOETHANOLAMINE (MEA):
amine solvent •Is used where there are low contactor pressures
and/or
•For stringent acid gas specifications.
•MEA has the highest vapor pressure of the
amines.
•Used for gas treating, solution losses through
vaporization from the contactor.
Why we • High reactivity
choose MEA? • Low cost
• Good stability
• Ease of reclamation
• Low hydrocarbon content of acid gas produced
• Lower plant investment when compared with
many other processes
Amine • The various equipment involved in the liquid
sweetening process are:
sweetening • Contacting Tower (Absorber)
process: • Regenerator
• Rich Solution Flash Drums
• Re-boiler
• Reflux equipment
• Pump System
• Surge and storge Tanks
Theoretically, operating pressure should be high and
temperature should be low
Should be optimum no. of stages
Process
ideal No excess solvent flow rate
Condition Lowers equipment volume
s: In Reality, operating pressure is at feed gas
pressure which is higher than ambient pressure.
This is due to the high cost of compression and
refrigeration process
Relatively
insensitive to
CO2 and H2S
partial pressure
Suitable for Can reduce
Why we large Feed
volumes
H2S and CO2
to ppm levels
select this
Process?
High CO2 High solvent
absorption surface area
rates
Equipment
Design
Absorber
• Function:
• Sour gas is removed
• Counter-current reaction occurs when makeup water and lean amine enters the
absorber
• H2O reacts with MEA (amine solvent)
• Lean Amine enters from the top of the column
• Makeup water also enters from the top of the column
• Output chemical
• Rich amine which is transferred to a heat exchanger to increase the temperature
• Sweet gas which is our desired product
Design considerations:
Standard Design Steps
1. Calculation of theoretical number of stages.
2. Calculation of actual number of stages.
3. Calculation of diameter of the column.
4. Calculation of weeping point.
5. Calculation of pressure drop.
6. Down comer Design.
7. Residence Time and Entrainment Calculation.
8. Calculation of the height of the column
Sweet gas @ 55920.07 lb/hr & 105
MEA Solvent @ 63868.428 lb/hr 105
Make-up H2O @ 489.45 lb/hr & 100°F
Absorber
Sour gas
@ Rich Amine solution @ 31006.949 lb/hr & 150
63868.428
lb/hr & 100
Specifications:
Unit: Absorber
Liquid flow rate= 25569.14 lb/hr
Gas flow rate= 68868.427 lb/hr
Temperature at top= 105 deg F
Temperature at bottom= 150 deg F
Operating Pressure= 1100 psi
Diameter Of column= 2.6 ft
Area of tower= 183.69 ft2
Pressure drop/tray= 0.28 psi
Tray specifications
• Type= Sieve tray
• Thickness of tray=0.00625 ft
• Total no. of trays= 0.664 ft2
• Down comer area= 0.731 ft2
• Diameter of hole=0.0015625 ft
• Area of hole= 1.916x10^(-4) ft2
• Material of construction= Carbon steel
• No. of holes= 3464
Selection of shell & tube heat exchanger
•
• I selected Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger due to the following reasons;
In process industries, shell and tube exchangers are used in great numbers, far more than any other type of
exchanger.
It has well-established procedures for design.
It can be manufactured from a wide variety of materials.
It has provided many years of satisfactory service.
Its codes and standards for design and fabrication are easily available.
Due to their design, shell and tube heat exchangers offer a large heat transfer area and provide high heat
transfer efficiency.
It has good mechanical layout.
It can be easily cleaned.
Design steps of shell & tube heat
exchanger
•
Following are the standard design steps which should be followed while designing a Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger;
Define the duty: heat-transfer rate, fluid flow rates, and temperatures.
Collect together the fluid physical properties required: density, viscosity and thermal conductivity.
Decide on the type of heat exchanger to be used.
Select the trial value for heat transfer coefficient - U D.
Calculate the mean temperature difference -∆Tm.
Calculate the area required - A.
Decide the exchanger layout.
Calculate the individual coefficients.
Calculate the overall coefficient and compare with the trial value.
If the difference is more than 30% then substitute the calculated value and do the calculations again.
Calculate the exchanger pressure drop.
Specification sheet
Unit Shell & tube heat exchanger
No. of shell passes 1
No. of tube passes 6
No. of Units 3
Heat Transfer area 79.25 m2
Diameter of shell 0.74 m
Pitch (Square) 0.023813 m
No. of tubes 465
Type of tube used 14BWG
No of baffles & type 14 (45%cut baffle)
OD of tube 0.01905 m
ID of tube 0.01483 m
Length of tube 3.66 m
ΔP on shell side 11.6 kPa
ΔP on tube side 37.145 kPa
Stripping Column
• Design Steps
• 1. Calculation of stripping factor
• 2. Calculation of no. of stages
• 3. Calculation of Diameter of column
• 4. Selection of column
• 5. Selection of trays
• 6. Design of plates
• 7. Calculation of column height
• 8. Material selection
• 9. Calculation of Stripping Factor
Make-up H2O @ 489.45 lb/hr & 100°F
Make-up H2O @ 489.45 lb/hr & 100°F
Stripper
Make-up H2O @ 489.45 lb/hr & 100°F
Make-up H2O @ 489.45 lb/hr & 100°F
Spec Sheet
•Unit = Reactivator
•Liquid flow rate 30805.42 lb/hr
•Vapour flow rate = 24365.018 Ib/hr
•Temperature at top = 223°F
•Temperature at bottom = 267°F
•Operating pressure = 20psi
•Diameter of column = 21.195 ft
•Area of column = 346.54
•Pressure drop/tray = 0.163psi
Tray specifications:
•Thickness of tray = 0.00625 ft
•Total no. of trays = 12
•Riser area = 2.044 ft2
•Down comer area = 2.289 ft2
•Diameter of hole = 0.015625 ft
•Area of hole = 1.916×10-4 ft2
•Material of construction = Carbon steel
