Basic
Instruments
Surgical
instrument
- is a tool or device for
performing specific actions or
carrying out desired effects
during a surgery or
operation, such as modifying
biological tissue, or to
provide access for viewing it.
Parts of an instrument
Tip
Jaw
Box lock
Shanks
Ratchet
Finger Ring
Scissor
Sharp/Blunt tip
Cutting edge
Screw lock
Shanks
Finger Rings
Classifications:
A. Cutting and Dissecting
- used to dissect,
incise, separate,
or excise tissues
Cutting and Dissecting
Instruments
Blade Handle/ Scalpel
A metal handle with a range of single use sterile
blade for incising the skin and for sharp
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Blade holder # 7
with 15 blade (deep
knife) - Used to cut
deep, delicate tissue.
Blade holder # 3
with 10 blade (inside
knife) – Used to cut
superficial tissue.
Blade holder # 4 with
20 blade (skin knife) -
Used to cut skin. #7 #3 #4
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Scissors
- the blades of scissors may be straight, angled, or
curved, as well as either pointed or blunt at the
tips.
- Straight Mayo Scissors
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Curved Mayo scissors
- Used to cut heavy tissue (fascia, muscle,
uterus,
breast).
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Metzenbaum scissors
- Used to cut delicate tissue.
- Available in regular and long sizes.
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Suture Scissors
*Used to remove sutures
*Blade has beak or hook to slide under
Cutting and Dissecting Instruments
Bandage Scissors
Used to remove bandages and
dressings
Probe tip is blunt; inserted under bandages
Clamping and Occluding
Instruments
are used to compress blood
vessels or hollow organs for
hemostasis or to prevent
spillage of contents.
Clamping and Occluding
Instruments
Mosquito
- is used to clamp small blood vessels.
Its jaws may be straight or curved.
Clamping and Occluding
Instruments
Kelly
- is used to clamp larger vessels and tissue.
Available in short and long sizes.
Other names: Rochester Pean.
Clamping and Occluding Instruments
Right angle
is used to clamp hard-to-reach vessels and to place sutures behind
or around a vessel. A right angle with a suture attached is called a
"tie on a passer."
Other names: Mixter.
c. Grasping and Holding Instruments
are used to hold
tissue, drapes or
sponges.
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Allis
• is used to grasp tissue.
• Available in short and long sizes.
• A "Judd-Allis" holds intestinal tissue; a "heavy
allis" holds breast tissue
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Bobcock
-is used to grasp delicate tissue (intestine, fallopian
tube, ovary). Available in short and long sizes.
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Kocher
- is used to grasp heavy tissue. May also be
used as a clamp. The jaws may be straight or
curved.
Other names: Ochsner.
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Backhaus towel clip
• is used to hold towels and drapes in place.
• Other name: towel clip.
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Backhaus towel clip
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Tissue forceps
- Used for grasping and holding tissue,
muscle or skin surrounding a wound for
suturing.
Adson pick ups are either smooth: used to
grasp delicate tissue; or with teeth: used to
grasp the skin. Other names: Dura forceps
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Sponge Forceps
Used to hold gauze squares or sponge to “mop
up” the surgical site
- Jaws are serrated
Grasping and Holding Instruments
Needle Holder
Used to hold and pass a suturing needle through
tissue
Charging the suture needle
Retracting and Exposing
Instruments
used to hold back or retract organs or
tissue to gain exposure to the operative
site.
They are either "self-retaining" (stay
open on their own) or "manual" (held by
hand).
When identifying retractors, look at the
blade, not the handle.
Retracting and Exposing
Instruments
Deaver retractor
(manual)
is used to retract deep abdominal or chest
incisions. Available in various widths.
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Richardson retractor (manual) is
used to retract deep abdominal or
chest incisions
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Army-Navy retractor (manual)
is used to retract shallow or superficial
incisions. Other names: USA, US Army.
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Army-Navy retractor (manual)
Malleable or ribbon retractor (manual) is
used to retract deep wounds. May be bent
to various shapes
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Weitlaner retractor
(self-retaining)
is used to retract shallow incisions.
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Gelpi retractor (self-retaining)
is used to retract shallow
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Gelpi retractor (self-retaining)
is used to retract shallow
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Balfour with bladder blade (self-retaining) is used
to retract wound edges during deep abdominal
procedures.
• Self-retaining
• Bladder retractor
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Bladder retractor
Is used for retracting bladder during
abdominal operations like LSCS, abdominal
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
Retracting and Exposing Instruments
The Senn retractor is a small, relatively delicate
retractor that is used extensively in hand surgery,
vascular surgery, plastic surgery and other
procedures involving the skin and soft tissue
Passing and Care of
Instruments
[Link] SN should know the various
steps of the different
operations.
[Link] must be familiar with the
characteristics of each surgeon’s
technique.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
3. The SN may pass the instrument to the surgeon
with her right hand, or the one nearest the
operative field.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
4. When passing the instrument, it should be held at the
shank between the cushions of the thumb and first two
fingers, with the tip visible and the handle is free for
the surgeon’s palm.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
[Link] curve of the instrument goes
with the curves of the surgeon’s
palm.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
6. By a slight turn of the wrist, the rings of the
instruments’ handle are gently rung over the
surgeon’s finger.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
7. Tissue and
thumb
forceps are
held with
the tip
down.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
“Sponge
Passing and Care of
Instruments
8. Instruments should be wiped off with a
wet sponge to remove all free fatty
substances and blood. They should then be
returned to proper position.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
9. Instrument tables should never be in disorderly
state during an operation so that the SN can
work smoothly and with speed.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
9. Impaired instruments should never be
passed to the surgeon.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
• Any instrument that have
come in contact with
contaminated areas should be
discarded.
• They should Be lifted from the
field with pick up forceps or
received by the kidney basin
and should never be touched
with the gloved hand.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
The SN should be familiar with the
surgical hand signals.
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Passing and Care of
Instruments
Notes:
> Pass instruments in a decisive
manner
>With the tip of the instrument visible
and hand is free, the handle is placed in
the surgeon’s waiting hand
>The instrument should be slapped
firmly into the palm of the surgeon in
proper position for use.
Notes:
>If the surgeon is in the same side of the
table and on the left side, use your right hand
to pass the instrument
>If the surgeon is on the same side and on
the right side, use your left hand to pass the
instrument.
>Don’t reach behind a member of a sterile
team
Part 1 – Basic instruments
Submit 25 drawings of basic
instruments. Label them and
include their function &
classification.
Part 2 – Different types of
sutures
Cut outs; include description & uses
*To be submitted In Canvas
Saturday:
Practical exam on
Basic instrumentation
