Steps of Participatory Approach
1. Form a planning team
2. Identify possible issues and list all broad
groups of stakeholders
3. Carry out participants’ analysis
4. Determine the purpose and level of public
participation
5. Identify constraints and special
circumstances
6. Select a method (or a combination of
methods) of participation
7. Decide
The Need for Participatory
Action Planning
1. Public distrust of planning based on past
practices Participatory planning is needed when there
is public distrust of previous planning practice and/or
where new development may lead to significant
conflicts. Therefore, public relations consultants have
been hired to 'do public outreach, run community
meetings, provide public notices and informational
items to get the public involved'. This sounds less
ambitious than many examples encountered in our
research, but the point remains that there is a
2. Governments' desire to improve
the co-ordination. Planning needs to
change from a narrow, self-enclosed
system of regulation to become a means
of delivering development that achieves
broader objectives, social justice and
other sustainable development action
initiatives.
3. Respect to Grassroots Community Planning
practice needs to engage with the reality of
diversity in today's society.
This means being aware of different cultures and
ensuring that issues of diversity are addressed
throughout the planning process. Traditional public
participation has often failed to do this.
Participatory planning is built around diversity,
conflicting interests and the need to listen to the
voices of marginalized groups.
Grassroots involvement and local participatory
democracy are much more a part of a political
Why are Monitoring and
Evaluation Relevant?
Participatory Monitoring is the systematic
recording and periodic analysis of information
that has been chosen and recorded by insiders
with the help of outsiders. Both insiders and
outsiders can monitor participation, but it may
be for very different reasons.
The main purpose of Participatory
Monitoring is that it provides information
during the life of the project, so that
adjustments and/or modifications can be made
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
(PM&E) is a process in which all the
stakeholders who took part of a certain project
are engaged in the activities of monitoring, data
collection and final evaluation. All stakeholders
SHARE the planning framework, definition of
indicators, control process, content, and final
results. In the end, all stakeholders together are
able to identify obstacles and complications; this
is then followed by a series of learn-lessons,
corrective actions and a possible project
reimplementation. It is an action-oriented tool
