SCAFFOLDING

TRAINING

1
h
.
म
च
Scaffold Definition
ा
न

ए
क

अ
स
्
थ
ा
ई

ढ
ा
ं
च
ा 2
 SCAFFOLDING

USEFUL TOOLS FOR ERECTION & DISMANTLING OF SCAFFOLDING

 Scaffold spanner

 Sprit level
FULL BODY SAFETY HARNESS SCAFFOLD SPANNER
 Measuring tape DOUBLE LANYARD

 Tools belt

 Hammer

 Full body harness,

double lanyard 07 no. SPRIT LEVEL MEASURING TAPE

3
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS (PPE)

PPE’s REQUIRED DURING ERECTION & DISMANTLING OF SCAFFOLDING

 COVER ALL

 HELMET

 SAFETY GOGGLES

 SAFETY SHOES

 FULL BODY HARNESS DOUBLE LANYARD

 HAND GLOVES

 DUST MASK

 EAR PROTECTION

4
 SCAFFOLDING SAFETY REGULATIONS

FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS ARE TO BE TAKEN DURING ERECTION &

DISMANTLING OF SCAFFOLDING:

 AREA BARICADING
 USE WARNING SIGN

 HAND TOOLS MUST BE TIED PROPERLY

 PROPER JOB PLANNING

 IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS DURING WORK

 TOOL BOX TALK

 PROPER PPE’s

 NEVER USE DEFECTIVE SAFETY

EQUIMENTS

 USE OF PROPER WORK PERMIT

5
 SCAFFOLDING TERMINOLOGY

1. Sole Board

2. Base Plate

3. Post (load bearing member)

4. Runner (load bearing member)

5. Bearer (load bearing member)

6. L Brace

7. T Brace

8. Putlog Pipe

9. Planks/ Board

10. Hand rail / Top rail

11. Mid rail

6
 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION & CHECK LIST

FOLLOWINGS ARE TO BE OBSERVED DURING INSPECTION OF SCAFFOLDING:-

1. MUD SILLS, BASE PLATES, FOUNDATION

2. ALL THE POSTS MUST BE ALIGNED
3. USE OF BRACINGS IN SCAFFOLDING IS NECESSARY
4. WORKING PLATEFORM MUST BE WELL COVERD BY PLANKS
5. ALL THE PLANKS MUST BE TIED PROPERLY BY ROPE
6. GUARD RAILS, MID RAILS & TOE BOARD CONDITION SHOULD BE HEALTHY.
7. THERE SHOULD BE LADDER ACCESS.

INSPECTION OF SCAFFOLD MUST BE DONE IN EACH WORK SHIFT.

INSPECTION RELATED DESCRIPTION IS MENTIONED IN BOOK C/01/05 IN OSHA GUIDE LINES

7
 Scaffolding Inspection
SCAFFOLDING TAGS

RED TAG GREEN TAG

YELLOW TAG

8
 What is bay in scaffold? A. BAY WIDTH
B. BAY LENGTH
C. LIFT

SPACE BETWEEN FOUR POSTS IS KNOWN AS BAY

9
 What is bay length?

IN SCAFFOLD LENGTH
SIDE- SPACE BETWEEN
TWO POSTS IS DEFINED
AS BAY LENGTH.

10
 What is bay width?

IN SCAFFOLD WIDTH
SIDE- SPACE BETWEEN
TWO POSTS IS DEFINED
AS BAY WIDTH.

11
What is the lift height?

DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO

RUNNERS IN SCAFFOLD
HEIGHT FACE IS DEFINED
AS LIFT HEIGHT

12
 Types of scaffold

Three basic types:

 Supported scaffolds -- platforms supported by
rigid, load bearing members, such as poles,
legs, frames, & outriggers.
• Fabricated frame type
• System/ Modular Scaffold
• Tube & Coupler Scaffold
 Suspended scaffolds -- platforms suspended
by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support
 Aerial Lifts -- such as “cherry pickers” or
“boom trucks”

13
 FABRICATED FRAME SCAFFOLD

IN FABRICATED FRAME SCAFFOLD MANUFACTURER IS FULLY

RESPONSIBLE FOR LOAD & DESIGN

14
 SYSTEM/ MODULAR SCAFFOLD

WELDED PRESSING CUP TYPE ROSELTE TYPE

1. QUICK STAGE 1. CUP LOCK 1. LOVER
2. HOCKEY 2. PLUS 8

IN SYSTEM TYPE SCAFFOLD MANUFACTURER IS FULLY RESPONSIBLE

FOR LOAD & DESIGN

15
 Tube & Coupler
Scaffold

SCAFFOLD CAPACITY:
CAPACITY OF SCAFFOLD MATERIAL MUST BE FOUR TIMES
MORE THAN TOTAL LOAD (DEAD LOAD+ LIVE LOAD)-FOS- 4

16
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Right Angle Clamp - RAC

17
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

SWIVEL CLAMP
THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SWIVEL
CLAMPS & CAN BE USED IN ANY
DIRECTION

18
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Putlog Clamp/ Single clamp

PUT LOG CLAMP/ SINGLE
CLAMP IS USED TO TIE
PUT LOG PIPE, TOE
GUARD AND LADDER

19
 TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Sleeve Coupler

SLEEVE COUPLER IS USED FOR JOINTING OF TWO PIPES

HORIZONTALLY OR VERTICALLY

20
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Joint Pin
JOINT PIN USED FOR JOINTING
TWO PIPES

21
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Beam Clamp

IN SCAFFOLING, BEAM CLAMP

IS USED TO TIE SUPPORTS
(TIES) & HUNG SCAFFOLDS

22
 TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD CLAMPS

Board Clamp Ladder Clamp

23
 Base Plate & Sole board

Base Plate Sole Board - Mud Sill

Main function to distribute load
38 mm to 50 mm THK
from Post Should measure at
size 300mm x 300mm
Least 150mm x 150mm

150mm
300mm 300mm

150mm

24
•Posts-The vertical posts of pipes approx of 6 mtrs
•Runner-The horizontal pipe in the direction of length of the scaffold
•Bearer-The horizontal pipe in the direction of width of the scaffold
•Brace diagonal (Along Length) pipe (L-Brace)
•Brace diagonal along cross section (Along Width) (T-Brace)
•Putlog Pipes-to rest the planks
•Wooden Planks of 38 to 50 mm thk of hard wood in the lengths of 2.0
mtrs x .225 mtrs always kept along the runner.
•Guard Rail-Top Rail
•Guard Rail-Mid Rail
•Right angle Coupler-The load bearing coupler fixed with horizontal &
vertical pipes
•Swivel Coupler-Used to fix the supporting structure like bracing
•Putlog Clamp-Used to fix the putlog pipes for the support of planks for
working platforms
Ties: Scaffold tie used to tie in the scaffold to structures
Scaffolding Erector:-The person is aware about scaffolding and he can easily
understand how to erect/dismantle/alter the scaffold under the scaffolding
supervisor.
Scaffolding Competent Person:-Competent person means who is capable of
identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings.
KATE Ltd: K-Knowledge, A-Adoptability, T-Training, E-Experience, Ltd-Limitations
Qualified Person:-Qualified person is that who can design the scaffold with
25
adequate loads and hazards.
 USE OF LADDERS & ITS RULES

 IF DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO RUNGS OF SIDE

CHANNEL IS GREATER THAN 2 FEET, THEN USE
SUITABLE ACCESS SYSTEM.

 ACTUALLY LADDER IS SET IN TWO WAYS :

VERTICAL & 4:1 RATIO 16.75 inches

 LADDER HEIGHT MUST BE ONE MTR MORE FROM

THE LANDING PLATEFORM

Not more than 24”

Side channels

11 ½” minimum 26
 USE OF LADDERS & ITS RULES

Defective Ladder
NEVER USE DEFECTIVE LADDERS DURING
SCAFFOLDING ERECTION & DISMANTLING.
RUSTED, BEND OR BROKEN RUNGS LADDERS
ARE NOT ALLOWED FOR USE AT ALL. DEFECTIVE
LADDERS MUST BE TAGGED – “DONOT USE”

27
 USE OF LADDER & ITS RULES

Ladder clamps & ladder

knots

IT IS COMPULSURY TO TIE THE LADDER AT TWO PLACES

AT BOTTOM & TOP

28
 LADDER & ACCESS

Stair Case
Staircase depend upon the manufacturer
OSHA doesn't give the specification

STAIRWAYS LADDER IS FIXED AT LEAST AT 30 DEGREE &

MAXIMUM AT 50 DEGREE FROM HORIZONTAL

29
 Scaffolding Load

 What is dead load?

own weight of scaffolding

What is the live load?

IT IS LOAD OF MAN AS WELL AS MATERIAL ON

SCAFFOLDING

30
 Scaffolding load Distribution
25% 25%

AFTER APPLYING
LOAD OF 100 KG WT,
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
WLL BE EQUAL AT
EVERY POST

25% 25%

FOR ACCURATE & EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF LOAD ON

SCAFFOLD FOLLOWINGS ARE TO BE CONSIDERED
FROM SAFETY POINT OF VIEW

(Level, Square, Rigid & Plumb)

31
 Duty of Scaffold

S.No. Duty of Bay Capacity Bay Length Bay Width THICKNESS

Scaffold of scaffold of scaffold of scaffold OF PIPE

1
LIGHT DUTY 125 Kg/m2 3m 1.25 m 2.9 MM ± 10%
SCAFFOLD
-CLASS A

2
MEDIUM DUTY 250 Kg/m2 2m 1.25 m
SCAFFOLD
3.2 MM ± 10%
-CLASS B

3
HEAVY DUTY 375 Kg/m2 1.5 m 1.25 m 4.0 MM ± 10%
SCAFFOLD
-CLASS C

32
 Loading on Light duty scaffold
bay length= 3 mtr

Bay width = 1.25 mtr

Area= 9.84 feet* 4.10 feet = 40.35 Sq Feet
( 3 mtr x 1.25 mtr) = 3.75 Sq m

40.35 Sq Feet x 25 PSF =1008.86 Pounds

(3.75 Sq M x 125 Kg / Sq M ) = 468.75 Kg

Max Capacity (Uniform)

In this 9.84 feet x 4.10 feet size platform , up to 1008.86 pounds could be placed on
the platform

Since a worker and tools are rated as 250 pounds (113.5 Kg)

04 workers could be using this platform and still leave 8.86 pounds additional capacity
without exceeding the 25 PSF 33
 SCAFFOLDING DRAWING
THESE ARE 3 TYPES
TOP VIEW

 Front View

 Side View

 Top View

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW 34

SCAFFOLDING DRAWING

TWO BAY
TWO LIFT
DRAW
FRONT VIEW &
SIDE VIEW

35
 SCAFFOLDING DRAWING

2 Bay / 2
Lift scaffold
drawing

FRONT VIEW SIDE / END VIEW

36
Material for Tube & Coupler type Scaffolding
2 Bay / 2 Lift scaffold

Sole Board - 06
Base Plate - 06
Post (06 M) - 06
Runner (04 M) - 06
L Hand Rail (04 M) - 04
Bearer ( 1.5 M) - 09
T Hand Rail (1.5 M) - 04
L Brace (03 M) - 08
T Brace (03 M) - 06
Right angle clamp - 36 + 20 = 56
Swivel clamp - 28
Plank (225 mm x 2 m) - 5 + 5 = 10
Toe guard (02 m) - 04
Toe guard (1.25 m ) - 04
Ladder (06 m) - 01
Binding wire (18 gauge) - 1 Kg
37
 Load calculation
Live load

Bay area = 2 m x 1.25 m = 2.50 sq m

Load in Bay = 250 Kg / sq m x 2.5 sq m = 625 kg
Load on Post A = 625 kg X 25% = 156.25 Kg

Suppose Dead Load = 141 Kg ( Load of Scaffold material)

Total load at point A = 297.25 Kg

Suppose - ground bearing value = 2800 kg / sq m

Area for 297.25 Kg = 297.25 / 2800 = 0.106 sq m

Required area of base plate = 0.106 = X * 0.30 M (300 mm)

X = 0.106/0.30 = 0.35 M = 350 MM

Required size of base plate = 350 mm x 300 mm

38
 Joint for extension

Such Joints are not allowed

39
 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD

1. CLASS-C, RIGHT ANGLE CLAMP (RAC), DROP FORGED, FOR PIPE NB 40 MM &
OD 48.3 MMX48.3 MM WITH TEST CERTIFICATE (PHYSICAL PRPERTIES, LOAD
& SLIP TEST WITH T-BOLT BORON MAT(8.8 OTHER WISE 10.10). IT MUST BE
AS PER EN-74.
2. CLASS-C, SLEEVE COUPLER, METAL PRESSED, FOR PIPE NB 40 MM & OD 48.3
MMX48.3 MM WITH TEST CERTIFICATE (PHYSICAL PRPERTIES, LOAD & SLIP
TEST WITH T-BOLT BORON MAT(8.8 OTHER WISE 10.10) WITH O TYPE RING.
IT MUST BE AS PER EN-74.
3. SCAFFOLDING PIPE, ERW/SEAMLESS, GI, PLAIN END, NB40, OD-48.3 MM,
CLASS A/B/C, 6000 MM TO 500 MM WITH MATERIAL TEST CERTIFICATE.

** 8.8 MEANS- 800 N/SQ MM IS ULTIMATE STRESS & YIELD/ HOOP STRESS IS 640 N/SQ MM

40
 Planks & It’s Rules
1. ALL THE PLANKS ARE PLACED OVER BEARES.
2. AS PER OSHA WORKING PLATEFORM MUST BE FULLY
COVERED BY PLANKS
3. THERE MAY BE GAP OF MAXIMUM ONE INCH IN
BETWEEN PLACED PLANKS
4. GAP BETWEEN WORK FACE & LAST POST IS 9.5 INCH
MAXIMUM IF IT IS OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT.
5. SOME TIMES THERE IS NO SPACE FOR FIXING 02 PLANKS.
AS PER OSHA FIX THE PLANK AS PER REQUIREMENT &
WORK AFTER PUTTING ON FULL BODY HARNESS DOUBLE
LANYARD.

41
 WOODEN BOARD/ WOODEN PLANK

 THERE MAY BE 1 INCH GAP IN BETWEEN

TWO PLANKS

 THICKNESS OF WOODEN BOARD/ PLANK SHOULD

BE MINIMUM 38 MM & MAXIMUM 50 MM

 IF TWO PLANKS ARE OVERLAPPED THEN OVER

ALL EXTENDED LENGTH IS 12 INCH.

OVER ALL DEFLECTION IN WOODEN PLANK / BOARD IS

1/60th OF ITS LENGTH.

1. NEVER PAINT THE WOODEN PLANKS/ BOARDS.

2. DISCARD THE DEFECTIVE WOODEN PLANKS/ BOARDS.
3. USE PROPER SIZE PLANKS/ BOARDS & TIE IT PROPERLY.

42
 RULES FOR EDGE PROTECTION IN SCAFFOLDING

 ACCORDING TO OSHA THERE MUST BE PROVISION OF GUIDE

RAIL ON WORKING PLATEFORM FOR EDGE PROTECTION.

 FOR EDGE PROTECTION THERE ARE THREE PROVISIONS-

Hand Rail / Top Rail, Mid Rail & Toe Board
 AS PER OSHA IF THERE IS GAP OF 14 INCH IN BETWEEN WORK
FACE & LAST POST & THERE IS NO GUARD RAIL THEN IT IS
ACCEPTABLE.

43
 BRACING RULES

 BRACING PROVISION IS MADE AT 45 DEGREE

Types of bracing

 Horizontal/ Longitudinal diagonal bracing

 Transvers diagonal bracing

44
 BRACING RULES
Horizontal / Longitudinal diagonal bracing (L- BRACING)

 FIRST & L A S T B AY F R O M B O T T O M T O R O P
C O M P U L S U RY

 IT IS TO BE REPEATED IN EVERY 4TH BAY

IT IS TO BE REPEATED AT EVERY 5TH POST FROM BEGINNING FROM ANY SIDE

45
 BRACING RULES

Transverse diagonal bracing (T- BRACE)

 ITS PROVISION IS MADE IN FIRST & LAST
SET OF PAIR OF POSTS FROM BOTTOM TO TOP.

 IT IS TO BE PROVIDED IN THIRD SET OF PAIR

OF POSTS.

46
 BRACING RULES

Plan Brace

 AS PER OSHA PLAN BRACE IS NOT

REQUIRED. BUT, DURING
ERECTION IT IS USED.

47
 Scaffold Height

20’ The height of the

scaffold should not
be more than four
times its minimum
base dimension
unless guys, ties, or
braces are used
5’

48
TYPES OF TIES

49
 TIES RULES

 AS PER OSHA TIES ARE REQUIRED IN RATIO

OF 4:1 (HEIGHT TO BASE RATIO).

 TIES ARE USED IN TWO SET OF POSTS AT

RUNNER SIDE ALWAYS.

 BEAM CLAMP IS USED IN PAIRS

50
 TIES RULES
Maximum Vertical Ties Spacing

Vertical ties rules

 FIRST RULE: HEIGHT TO BASE RATIO IS 4:1
SECOND RULE: FIRST & LAST POST
IF BAY WIDTH IS < 0.9 METER THEN VERTICAL
TIES ARE TO BE FIXED AT EVERY HEIGHT OF
20 FEET.
IF BAY WIDTH IS > 0.9 METER THEN VERTICAL
TIES ARE TO BE FIXED AT EVERY HEIGHT OF

 26 FEET.
TOP TIE 4:1 (HEIGHT TO BASE RATIO)

51
 TIES RULES

Horizontal ties
IN SCAFFOLDING AFTER PROVISION
OF HORIZONTAL TIES IN LAST TWO
ENDS EVERY HORIZONTAL TIES MUST
BE PROVIDED AT 30 FEET DISTANCE.

52
 ELECTRICAL SAFETY CLEARANCE FOR OVER HEAD POWER LINES
Volts Insulated Uninsulated
Power Lines Power Lines

< 300 Volts 3 Feet Distance -----

300 Volts to 50 KV 10 Feet Distance 10 Feet Distance

> 50 KV ------ 10 Feet Distance**

**IF VOLTAGE IS >50 KV THEN SAFE DISTANCE TO BE MAINTAINED IS 10 FEET+ EACH KVX0.4 INCH

The possibility of electrocution is a

serious consideration when working
near overhead power lines

Check the clearance distances listed

in the standard

53
 MOBILE SCAFFOLD/ MOBILE TOWER

 H E I G H T T O B A S E R AT I O O F S C A F F O L D
S H O U L D B E 2 :1 (Height to Base Ratio)
 LADDER IS PLACED VERTICALLY INSIDE THE BAY
WITH HORIZONTAL BASEBASE

 PLAN BRACE PROTECTS THE TOWER FROM

BENDING/ TWISTING.
 WHEELS MUST BE LOCKED WHENEVER MOBILE
TOWER/ SCAFFOLD IS IN USE.

 DO NOT MOVE THE SCAFFOLD WHENEVER THERE ARE CREW

MEMBERS / ITEMS ON WORKING PLATEFORM.

 GENERALLY MOBILE TOWER HAS ONE BAY ONE

LIFT FOR WORK AT WORKING PLATFORM.

 DONOT WORK OUTSIDE THE HAND RAILS &

NEVER OVER LOAD THE WORKING PLATEFORM .
54
MOBILE SCAFFOLD/ MOBILE TOWER

CUSTER WHEEL
SCREW JACK
ADJUSTABLE BASE JACK

CUSTER WHEEL
STUD WITH LOCK SYSTEM

55
 MOBILE SCAFFOLD/ MOBILE TOWER

IF MOBILE TOWER IS TO BE MOVED ALONG WITH WORKING CREW/ MATERIAL

ON ITS PLATEFORM THEN FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE TO BE FULFILLED:-

1. Scaffolding height to base ratio is to be maintained by 2:1.

2. There should be no any obstruction like outer trigger from
any side of tower.
3. While moving the scaffold it should move 1 meter in one
second. Never pull it by any prime mover.
4. Working crew must be aware of it while moving the
scaffold.

56
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

BACK INJURY CASES DUE TO IMPROPER MATERIAL

HANDLING IS REPORTED EVERY YEAR WHICH IS VERY
HIGH.
TECHNIQUES FOR MATERIAL HANDLING:
1. CHECK THE LOAD
2. BEND YOUR KNEE
3. KEEP THE LOAD AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE
4. KEEP YOUR BODY CONTROLLED DURING
LIFTING THE LOAD
5. USE YOUR LEGS WHILE LIFTING THE LOAD
6. KEEP THE BACK STRAIGHT
7. LIFT THE LOAD SMOOTHLY
57
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Procedure for Short Tubes Lifting

58
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Procedure for longTubes Lifting

59
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Procedure for longTubes Lifting

60
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Procedure for longTubes Lifting

61
 SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Ladder lifting procedure

62
SCAFFOLDING MATERIAL HANDLING

Gin Wheel

63
 HUNG / SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD

¼ length ¾ length

Ladder Beam
Counter weight

64
HUNG / SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR

HUNG/ SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD:
1. RIGHT ANGLE CLAMP-RAC
2. SWIVEL CLAMP
3. PUT LOG CLAMP
4. BEAM CLAMP
5. LADDER BEAM

65
 Hazards
Employees working on scaffolds are exposed to these
hazards:
• Falls from elevation – caused by slipping,
unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection
• Struck by falling tools / debris
• Electrocution – from overhead power lines
• Scaffold collapse - caused by instability or
overloading
• Bad planking giving way

Falls may occur:

• While climbing on or off the scaffold
• Working on unguarded scaffold platforms
• When scaffold platforms or planks fail

66
 Protecting Workers from Falls
If a worker on a scaffold
can fall more than 10 feet,
protect them by:
• Guardrails, and/or
• Personal Fall Arrest
Systems (PFAS)

67
 Guardrails
• Install along open sides & ends
• Front edge of platforms not more
than 14 inches from the work,
unless using guardrails and/or PFAS
• Top rails - 38 to 45 inches tall
• Mid rails halfway between top rail
and platform
• Toe boards at least 3-1/2 inches
high

68
 Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

You must be trained how to properly use PFAS

PFAS include anchorage, lifeline and body harness.

69
 Scaffold Support Examples

Base plate

Mud sills

Good support Inadequate support –in danger of

collapse?

70
 Scaffold Access

• No access by cross braces

• When using ladders,
bottom rung no more than
24 inches high
• Can use some end frames
• Can access from another
scaffold, structure or hoist

End Frame Do not access

by cross braces

71
 SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION CRITERIA
FOLLOWING POINTS ARE TO BE FOLLOWED STRICTLY DURING ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDING

(SCAFFOLDING MANUFACTURER GOLDEN RULE)

1. 100% Material Inspection
2. Firm foundation
3. Level
4. Square
5. Rigid
6. Plumb
7. Proper bracing
8. Platform fully planked
9. Plank secured
10. Guard rail , Mid rail
11. Toe board
12. Ladder access

IF WE FOLLOW ALL THE ABOVE RULES

DURING ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDING, WE
WILL REMAIN SAFE ALWAYS 72
 Training Requirements

Train employees on scaffold hazards and

procedures to control the hazards

The training must include:

• Nature of electrical, fall, and falling
object hazards
• How to deal with electrical hazards
and fall protection systems
• Proper use of the scaffold
• Scaffold load capacities

Retrain as necessary

73
 Summary
Remember to:
•Use appropriate scaffold construction methods
– Erect, move, or alter scaffold properly
– Protect from falling objects or tools

•Ensure stable access

•Use a competent person

– Train on scaffold construction and the hazards involved with scaffolds
– Inspect scaffold before each shift and after alterations
– Determine fall protection requirements

74
 Resources
• www.osha.gov
– 29 CFR 1926.451
– NAHB-OSHA Job Site Safety Handbook
– Construction Industry Digest
• Scaffolding Industry Association
– www.scaffold.org
• American National Standards Institute
– A92 (SIA): Scaffolds and other elevating devices

KATE Ltd
K-Knowledge
A-Adoptability
T-Training
E-Experience
Ltd-Limitations 75
 Stay Safe Guys!
Report Unsafe Scaffold
Practice

76