HIV/ AIDS OVERVIEW
BY: SMRUTI SAGARIKA KANUNGO
HIV
•Human Immunodeficiency Virus
•H = Infects only Human beings
•I = Immunodeficiency virus weakens
the immune system and increases the
risk of infection
•V = Virus that attacks the body
AIDS
•Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
•A = Acquired, not inherited
•I = Weakens the Immune system
•D = Creates a Deficiency in the
immune system
•S = Syndrome, or a group of illnesses
taking place at the same time
WHAT IS AN OPPURTUNISTIC
INFECTION ?
4
WHO GUIDELINES FOR THE
DIAGNOSIS OF HIV
Category Definition
Weight loss of over 10 % of body weight.
Fever for longer than one month
Diarrhea for longer than one month
Persistent cough for more than one month
Major
General itchy skin diseases
Symptoms/
Recurring shingles (herpes zoster)
Signs Thrush in the mouth and throat
Long lasting, spreading and severe cold
stores
Long lasting swelling of the lymph glands
Note: These symptoms/signs may also occur because of any other infection or
health related illness. It is always good to consult doctors or prefer to test for HIV 5
Impact of HIV/AIDS
Affect Individual
Affect Family
The Impact
Of
HIV/AIDS
Social Stigma
National Economy
HIV and AIDS
• When the immune system
becomes weakened by HIV, the
illness progresses to AIDS
• Some blood tests, symptoms or
certain infections indicate
progression of HIV to AIDS
Transmission of HIV
•HIV is transmitted by
• Direct contact with infected blood
• Sexual contact (unprotected sex)
• HIV-infected mothers to infants during
pregnancy & delivery
•Intravenous drug users
Transmission of HIV
HIV is not transmitted by :
• Coughing, Sneezing, Public Baths, Insect bites
• Touching, hugging, Water, Food Kissing, Handshakes,
sharing utensils
Why should we discuss HIV/AIDS ?
• HIV/AIDS affects the most productive age group of 15-49 years.
• It is never possible to get the exact magnitude of the AIDS
problem.
• HIV infection can be prevented.
• HIV/AIDS is known as SILENT KILLER.
• Key challenges in prevention:
- HIV infection goes unnoticed for years.
- Primarily spreads through sexual contact – and
discussion about sex is a taboo in many societies
- Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS
Vulnerable groups
• Women are more vulnerable than men
• Youth are also more vulnerable
• HRGs (MSM, FSW, Migrants)
Odisha Scenario
• People living with HIV/AIDS - (60,886)
Vulnerable districts in Odisha:-
Angul, Balasore, Bhadrak, Bolangir, Ganjam,
Koraput, Khurda, Nawarangpur, Sundergarh
District Units for service delivery: -
• DAPCU
• ICTC
• STI
• ART
• TI NGO
Prevention of HIV transmission
• Screen all blood and blood products
• Educate in safer sex practices
• Identify and treat STIs/other infections
immediately
• Apply the comprehensive PPTCT approach
to prevent transmission of HIV to the new
born
Key points
• HIV is a global pandemic and the number of
people living with HIV continues to increase
worldwide.
• HIV epidemic is especially severe in resource-
constrained settings
• HIV is a virus that destroys the immune system,
leading to opportunistic infections.
• The progression from initial infection with HIV to
end-stage AIDS varies from person to person and
can take more than 10 years.
Key Points (continued)
• The most common main route of transmission
worldwide is heterosexual transmission.
• Women of childbearing age are at particular risk for
acquiring HIV through unprotected sex
• HIV-positive women who are pregnant are at risk of
passing HIV infection to their newborn.
• Risk of HIV transmission from mother-to-child can
be greatly reduced through effective PPTCT
programs
Information, Education &
Communication (IEC)
Role of Communication
• To generate awareness
• To create interest
• Adoption
• Behaviour change
Mode of communication
Print Media- Newspapers, Magazines etc.
Electronic Media – Television, Radio
Mid-Media-Traditional Folk media
Out door Media- Hoardings, Wall Paintings, Billboards,
Bus panel branding, messages in OPD tickets,
Messages in postal passbooks etc.
RRC- Red Ribbon Clubs opened in 640 colleges of the
state. The volunteers and RRC coordinators are taking
major role for awareness transmission on HIV/AIDS in
their respective colleges and nearby villages.
JRC- Under Adolescent Education Programme (AEP) the
teachers and school students (8th Standard onwards) are
taking major roles for awareness.
Red Ribbon Club (RRC)
• 640 RRCs are established in coordination with
Indian Red Cross Society in different colleges in
Odisha
• 100 RRCs are established in different schools in
coordination with Indian Red Cross Society
• RRC volunteers and coordinators are the
messengers to create awareness among peers
and public at a large
• Adolescent Education Programme (AEP) in
schools
HIV Prevention & Control Act
The bill is a unique initiative of its kind between the Government of
India and the Civil Society, the history of which started with the
International Policy Makers Conference on HIV/AIDS, held in May
2002 in New Delhi, where the need for the law on HIV was
emphasized upon.
The bill was drafted by Lawers Collective HIV/AIDS unit after a
series of nationwide consultations across the major stakeholders
groups.
It was first sent to the Law Ministry in 2007
In 2010 it was cleared and sent to the Ministry of H & FW.
Bill was finally introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 11th Feb. 2014 by
then Minister of H & FW, Mr. Ghulam Nabi Azad.
Union Cabinets gave its approval to the amendments to the bill in
October 2016
Bill was passed by Rajya Sabha on 21st March 2017
Finally passed by Lok Sabha on 11th April 2017
President given assent on the 20th April 2017
Come into force on 10th September 2018
HIV-TB co-infection
DR. S.K CHATURVEDI
Take Home Message
Thank you all
