CONTACT DERMATITIS
DEFINITIONS
• A common form of eczema that results
when skin is exposed to irritants
(irritant contact dermatitis) or allergens
(allergic contact dermatitis).
• contact with water (hand washing) can
cause irritant contact dermatitis.
• Allergic contact dermatitis is due to
exposure to allergens.
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS
• avoiding direct contact with the
causative irritant or allergen.
• Protective gloves or clothing.
• Oatmeal baths can also relieve
discomfort.
• Skin moisturizers, antihistamines (e.g.,
diphenhydramine), and/or topical
corticosteroids.
TREATMENTS
• avoiding direct contact with the
causative irritant or allergen.
• Protective gloves or clothing.
• Oatmeal baths can also relieve
discomfort.
• Skin moisturizers, antihistamines (e.g.,
diphenhydramine), and/or topical
corticosteroids.
• wet dressings containing Burow’s
solution (aluminum acetate);
TREATMENTS
• Side effects and adverse reactions may
occur with prolonged use of the topical
drug or if the drug is continuously
covered with a dressing.
• Topical steroid can cause thinning of the
skin with atrophy of the epidermis and
dermis and purpura from small-vessel
eruptions.
IMPETIGO
• An infection of the skin that is usually due
to Streptococcus or Staphylococcus
species, is most commonly seen in
children 2 to 5 years old.
• The two drugs of choice are mupirocin and
retapamulin.
• Lesions should be soaked to facilitate the
removal of crusts, and the topical
antibiotic should be applied at the base of
ROSACEA
• Common skin disorder, presented usually
with rashes with flushing, visible blood
vessels, swelling, and acne-like breakouts.
• Avoid UV exposures with the use of a
broad-spectrum sunblock, and using mild
skin products.
ROSACEA
Rosacea with acne-like breakouts, azelaic
acid, metronidazole, sodium
sulfacetamide/sulfur, and retinoid may be
used. Other treatments include
antibacterials such as tetracycline and
isotretinoin
HAIR LOSS AND
BALDNESS
• hair shaft is lost and the hair follicle • Severe febrile illnesses,
cannot regenerate. pregnancy, myxedema (a
• familial history and occurs during the condition resulting from
aging process. hypothyroidism), and cancer
• Cause of alopecia are some drugs. therapies
HAIR LOSS AND
BALDNESS
• Minoxidil solution has been approved • Finasteride (1 mg) is an oral drug
by the FDA for treating hair loss in men used for alopecia in males.
and women. • used daily for 3 months or
• Available OTC in the form of a solution longer; discontinuing the drug
or foam. leads to hair loss within 12
• Systemic absorption of minoxidil is months.
minimal, so adverse reactions seldom • contraindicated in pregnancy and
occur. Occasionally, headaches and a pregnant women.
slight decrease in systolic blood • Side effects include decreased
pressure occur. libido, impotence, and
SUNSCREENS- USED TO BLOCK UV RAYS THAT CAUSE SUNBURN AND UV
PHOTOSENSITIVITY REACTIONS.
• Chemical blockers (e.g., oxybenzone and • UVB radiation is the primary
ecamsule) absorb UV radiation and are cause of sunburn and skin
effective against UVA radiation. cancer.
• Physical blockers (e.g., titanium dioxide • UVA is responsible for loss of
and zinc oxide) reflect or scatter UV elasticity (wrinkling) and
radiation and are effective against both collagen damage of the skin
UVA and UVB radiation.
SUNSCREENS- USED TO BLOCK UV RAYS THAT CAUSE SUNBURN AND UV
PHOTOSENSITIVITY REACTIONS.
• (SPF) of less than 15 can denote that it • limiting sun exposure between
prevents sunburn. 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., and
• SPF of 15 and above can reduce the risk of reapplying sunscreen at least
skin cancer and early skin aging. every 2 hours.
SUNSCREENS- USED TO BLOCK UV RAYS THAT CAUSE SUNBURN AND UV
PHOTOSENSITIVITY REACTIONS.
BURNS AND BURN PREPARATIONS
• Minor burns, a cool, wet
• Burns from heat (thermal
compress is applied to
burns, the most common prevent further tissue
kind of burn injury), damage.
• Electricity (electrical • Apply a thin layer of
burns), ointment, such as aloe vera
• Chemical agents or petroleum jelly.
• Burns that involve the dermis
(chemical burns) can all
and subcutaneous tissue
cause skin lesions. should seek medical help
immediately.
BURNS AND BURN PREPARATIONS
• Primary interventions:
• Scond-degree burns and1.ABC
beyond are at risk of 2.IVF- Rule of Nine-determine
dehydration, infection the amount of fluid
and sepsis. needed in the first
24 hours.
THANK YOU
