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DATA
VISUALIZATION
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OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION
• What is data visualization?
• Importance of data visualization
• Types of Charts
• Tips for Creating Effective Data Visualizations
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— Dante Vitagliano
"Data visualization is the language of decision making. Good charts effectively
convey information. Great charts enable, inform, and improve decision making.“
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WHAT IS DATA VISUALIZATION?
• Data visualization is the representation of data through use
of common graphics, such as charts, plots, infographics and
even animations.
• These visual displays of information communicate complex
data relationships and data-driven insights in a way that is
easy to understand.
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WHY IS DATA VISUALIZATION
IMPORTANT?
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PURPOSE OF DATA VISUALIZATION
Idea Generation
• They are frequently leveraged during brainstorming or
Design Thinking sessions at the start of a project
• While these visualizations are usually unpolished and
unrefined, they help set the foundation within the project
to ensure that the team is aligned on the problem that
they’re looking to address
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PURPOSE OF DATA VISUALIZATION
Idea Illustration
• Assists in conveying an idea, such as a tactic or process
• It is commonly used in learning settings, such as
tutorials, certification courses, centers of excellence, but
it can also be used to represent organization structures
or processes, facilitating communication between the
right individuals for specific tasks.
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PURPOSE OF DATA VISUALIZATION
Visual Discovery
• Visual discovery and everyday data viz are more closely
aligned with data teams.
• While visual discovery helps data analysts, data
scientists, and other data professionals identify patterns
and trends within a dataset, everyday data viz supports
the subsequent storytelling after a new insight has been
found.
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TYPES OF CHARTS
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LINE GRAPH
• A line chart graphically displays data that changes
continuously over time. Each line graph consists of
points that connect data to show a trend (continuous
change). Line graphs have an x-axis and a y-axis. In
the most cases, time is distributed on the horizontal
axis.
• Uses of line graphs:
• When you want to show trends. For
example, how house prices have increased
over time.
• When you want to make predictions based
on a data history over time.
• When comparing two or more different
variables, situations, and information over a
given period of time.
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1985- Japanese en
strengthened from
236.91JPY/USD, sharp
spike in land prices
1986- BOJ ease
monetary policy from
5%-3%
1990-BOJ continued to
tighten monetary policy
by pushing the official
discount rate from
4.25% (1989) to 6.00%
1991- Land prices fell
sharply.
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BAR CHART
• Bar charts represent categorical data with rectangular
bars.
• They are commonly used to compare several categories
of data.
• Each rectangular bar has length and height proportional
to the values that they represent.
• Bar Charts Uses:
• When you want to display data that are grouped into
nominal or ordinal categories (see nominal vs ordinal
data).
• To compare data among different categories.
• Bar charts can also show large data changes over
time.
• Bar charts are ideal for visualizing the distribution of
data when we have more than three categories.
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During the 1970s William
Whyte’s study of urban
plazas in New York City
became a driving force in the
development of revised
zoning codes regarding
commercial high‐rises.
Whyte wanted to understand
why and to suggest
guidelines for the design of
successful plazas.
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Eventually, their charting of plaza use
as a function of various plausible
physical variables led them to identify
the significance of several key design
elements
Chief among them is sitting space, a
conclusion that Whyte acknowledges
in hindsight should have been
obvious, but was not when they first
began the study. To support his
analysis, Whyte presents charts that
compare plaza use (numbers of
people at the lunch hour) with the
amount of open space available
across all 18 plazas; there is no
obvious relationship. However, a
similar chart comparing plaza use
with the amount of sittable space
demonstrates a much closer
relationship between these two
variables.
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AREA CHARTS
• Area charts show the change in one or several
quantities over time. They are very similar to the line
chart. However, the area between axis and line are
usually filled with colors.
• Line charts are often used to represent multiple data
sets. Area charts cannot show multiple data sets
clearly because area charts show a filled area below
the line.
• Area chart uses:
• When you want to show trends, rather than
express specific values.
• To show a simple comparison of the trend of data
sets over the period of time.
• To display the magnitude of a change.
• To compare a small number of categories.
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PIE CHART
• Pie charts are charts that represent data in a circular
(pie-shaped) graphic, and each slice represents a
percentage or portion of the whole.
• To make a pie chart, you need a list of categorical
variables and numerical variables.
• Pie Chart Uses:
• When you want to create and represent the
composition of something.
• It is very useful for displaying nominal or ordinal
categories of data.
• To show percentage or proportional data.
• When comparing areas of growth within a
business such as profit.
• Pie charts work best for displaying data for 3 to
7 categories.
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SCATTER PLOT
• The scatter plot is an X-Y diagram that shows a
relationship between two variables.
• It is used to plot data points on a vertical and a horizontal
axis.
• Scatter plots also help you predict the behavior of one
variable (dependent) based on the measure of the other
variable (independent).
• Scatter Plot Uses:
• When trying to find out whether there is a relationship
between 2 variables.
• To predict the behavior of dependent variable based
on the measure of the independent variable.
• When having paired numerical data.
• When working with root cause analysis tools to
identify the potential for problems.
• When you just want to visualize the correlation
between 2 large datasets without regard to time.
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The plot below shows
temperature measurements for
the ocean surface, the lower
atmosphere, and the land
averaged together. The x-axis is
time, from the year 1850 until the
year 2007.
We can see that the land, sea,
and air were colder before 1961–
1990, and they are all warmer
now and have been increasing
steadily and rapidly over the last
few decades. Note that the rate of
increase is getting faster, as the
fits to the data points for shorter
timescales are steeper (compare
the slope of the red line that fits
the data over the last 150 years
to the slope of the yellow line that
fits the data for the last 25 years).
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BUBBLE CHART
• Bubble charts are super useful types of graphs for
making a comparison of the relationships between
data in 3 numeric-data dimensions: the Y-axis data,
the X-axis data, and data depicting the bubble size.
• Both axes (X and Y) of a bubble chart are numeric.
• Bubble Chart Uses:
• When you have to display three or four
dimensions of data.
• When you want to compare and display the
relationships between categorized circles, by the
use of proportions.
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HISTOGRAM
• The histogram displays a frequency distribution
(shape) of a data set.
• At first glance, histograms look alike to bar graphs.
However, there is a key difference between them.
Bar Chart represents categorical data and histogram
represent continuous data.
• Histogram uses:
• When the data is continuous.
• When you want to represent the shape of the
data’s distribution.
• When you want to see whether the outputs of
two or more processes are different.
• To summarize large data sets graphically.
• To communicate the data distribution quickly to
others.
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BOX AND WHISKER CHART
• A box and whisker chart is a statistical graph for
displaying sets of numerical data through their quartiles.
It displays a frequency distribution of the data.
• Box and Whisker Chart Uses:
• When you want to observe the upper, lower
quartiles, mean, median, deviations, etc. for a large
set of data.
• When you want to see a quick view of the dataset
distribution.
• When you have multiple data sets that come from
independent sources and relate to each other in
some way.
• When you need to compare data from different
categories.
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VENN DIAGRAM
• Venn Diagram uses overlapping circles to
visualize the logical relationships between two or
more group of items.
• The items in the overlapping section have specific
common characteristics. Items in the outer
portions of the circles do not have common traits.
• Venn Chart Uses:
• When you want to compare and contrast
groups of things.
• To categorize or group items.
• To illustrate logical relationships from various
datasets.
• To identify all the possible relationships
between collections of datasets.
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TIPS FOR
CREATING
EFFECTIVE DATA
VISUALIZATIONS
Enhancing your presentation
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6 TIPS FOR CREATING EFFECTIVE DATA
VISUALIZATIONS:
1. Data visualizations should have a clear purpose and
audience.
2. Choose the right type of viz or chart for your data.
3. Use text and labels to clarify, not clutter.
4. Use color to highlight important information or to
differentiate or compare.
5. Avoid misleading visualizations.
6. Keep your visualizations simple. Less is more.
6 Tips for Creating Effective Data Visualizations (wi
th Examples) (csgsolutions.com)
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ACTIVITY 1: DATA VISUALIZATION
• Apply effective data visualization through creating graphs &
charts based on the data from the research paper last week.
• Choose appropriate charts for each data type
• Ensure the charts are labeled correctly, with clear axis
titles and legends.
• Use colors that differentiate data points without causing
confusion.
• What are your findings from the data visualization? Typical
findings might include trends, patterns, outliers, correlations,
etc.
• What is the importance of data visualization in research?
• Graphs may be generated through MS Excel. Final output to
be submitted in PDF Format
•
32 Due: July 18, 2024
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ACTIVITY 2: MS EXCEL PROFICIENCY
SURVEY
• In preparation for our tutorial class next week
on MS Excel for research, kindly answer this
quick survey on MS Excel Proficiency.
• Your honest responses will help me tailor the
discussion to better meet your needs.
• Survey link:
https://forms.gle/92UjckUvtiwqXhEY6
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THANK YOU
