ECOSYSTEM
AND THEIR
COMPONENTS
ECOSYSTEM
• Composed of communities
that interact and depend on
one aanother and on their
environment for survival.
• Coined by Arthur George
Transley
• animals, wind, water, and
many more.
COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTME:
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
• A component that is
considered as living things.
• humans, animals like birds,
worms, fish, and other living
things.
2 TYPES OF BIOTIC COMPONENTS: PRODUCERS
also known as autotroph
(photoautotrophic organism-uses
light)
They use sun’s light energy and
convert it into energy-rich
compounds which are the source
of usable energy for living cells
through photosynthesis
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: uses chlorophyll
to create glucose. Chloroplast is an
organelles that captures light energy
and
2 TYPES OF BIOTIC COMPONENTS: CONSUMERS
• Organism that do not have the
capaciy to harness energy from the
sun or use chemicals to produce their
own food instead they rely on a food
source to survive
• heterotroph
• animals, lions, cats, birds, and other
animals
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSUMERS:
PRIMARY CONSUMERS (HERBIVORES)
eat or feed PLANTS
SECONDARY CONSUMERS (CARNIVORES)
Usually eat MEAT from herbivores of carnivores
TERTIARY CONSUMERS (OMNIVORES)
they eat MEAT and PLANTS
SCAVENGER
they eat dead organism
vulture, wolf, hyenas, and coyote
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
• The nonliving factors that help
sustain life in teh ecosystem.
• water, air, snlight, soil
• It support and provide things
need by biotic components to
live.
WATER
• Water is a major component of the bodies
of organisms and is essential to life
processes.
• Water sources include rain from the
hydrologic cycle and bodies of water such as
rivers and oceans. Along with sunlight and
carbon dioxide, plants and algae need water
to make their own food. Without plants and
algae, other organisms may not survive.
• Too much or too little water can cause
intoxication or dehydration, respectively;
both of which can harm an organism.
Flooding or drought may also cause the
death of an ecosystem's inhabitants.
SUNLIGHT
• Energy from the sun is important in
photosynthesis.
• Food is produced in abundance in
areas with enough sunlight. In areas
that do not receive sunlight, such as
underground caves, only a few plants
and algae can survive, producing
small amounts of food.
• Only a few organisms with extreme
adaptations can survive in dark
places.
OXYGEN
• oxygen is needed for cell and body processes.
It is so important that even just a few
minutes without it will kill most organisms.
• On land, organisms take in oxygen from the
atmosphere. In water, aquatic organisms
obtain oxygen dissolved in water.
• High concentrations of minerals dumped in
water systems can trigger the overpopulation
of plankton, a phenomenon known as algal
bloom. Harmful algal blooms (HAB) occur
when there is an abundance of food available
for bacteria that consume dissolved oxygen.
• The depletion of oxygen in the water causes
death of other aquatic organisms existing.
TEMPERATURE
• Temperature also affects the kinds of
organism that can live in an ecosystem.
• Due to certain body processes, only a
few animals can survive at
temperatures below 0°C and above
45°C.
• They should also regulate their internal
body temperature in order to maintain
normal body processes.
• Some animals develop adaptations or
use survival strategies, such as finding
shelter from scorching heat or cold
winds.
SOIL
• The type of soil in an area and the
mixture of nutrients dissolved in it
influence the types of plant that can
grow there. Therefore, soil influences
other components of ecosystems,
such as the kind of primary
consumers that will inhabit a given
area.
• Millions of microscopic organisms also
live in the soil, where nutrients are
returned as raw materials.
ACTIVITY
1. It is an organism that produce their own food
2. It is an organism that eat plants only
3. It is an organism that eat both plant and meat.
4. It is the use sunlight energy and convert it into energy-rich compounds
which are the source of usable energy for plants.
5-6. What are the (2) major component ecosystem?
7. Who coined the word ecosystem?
8. It is considered as the living component of ecosystem
9. It is considered as non-living component of ecosystem.
10. Give one example of Abiotic component of ecosystem.
