enzo Piano Building – Architects in Kansai International Airport Terminal

association with Nikken Sekkei Ltd

Bay of Osaka, Japan 1988-1994
Ove Arup & Partners – Structural Engineers

The toroid creates a space that is both high in the center

portion and low at the ends in order to have unobstructed
views of all airplanes and the runway from the control
tower.

In the late 1960s, the Kansai Region in Japan realized an

economic need for a new airport near the Bay of Osaka. Another roof form Airside
generating idea was the
Two decades passed before groundwork was laid for desire to condition the The Wing runs the entire
Kansai International Airport. passenger terminal 1.7 km span of the
without a clutter of structure.
To prevent noise pollution and allow for 24-hour a day operation ductwork hanging from
officials chose to build an island in Osaka Bay on which to the exposed trusses. This is the side that faces
construct the passenger terminal and runways. This was the sea, and therefore
done by blowing a jet of receives the blunt of the
 1987-1991: Island construction air from the landside and high force winds during
let it be carried against a storms.
ceiling that would be  82,000 Stainless
Simultaneously a design competition was held, for which Renzo
shaped to follow the The wing has a separate steel tiles cover a
Piano Building Workshop (in collaboration with Ove Arup) won
natural curve of the structural system from the double roof.
the commission.
decelerating air. main terminal building.
Huge  Each tile 1.8 x 0.6
 1991-1994: Airport Construction
scoop like ceilings entrain meters and 10
the blown jets of air across Here, the truss changes to a kilograms.
Largest man-made island – 22,000,000 cubic meters of reclaimed
the space. single tubular steel
land, 4 km X 1km in size.  Reasons for choosing
member supported by
GLAZING
tension cables. a double roof-
Final cost of constructing both island and passenger terminal Reflectivity protects
was $14 billion US dollars. General structure follows the form of wave. inner roof, Ease of
 Each pane of glass
treated as in individual installation of inner
Longest building in the world – 1.7 kilometers
unit roof, Drainage keeps
outer roof in good
Since 1987 the island has subsided approximately 10 condition.
 Each panel 3.6 x .6
meters. Since
meters
2002 the rate of submergence has decreased.  Tiles flex and lift in
 Follows the same their middle to
Hit by the Kobe Earthquake of 1995 and the terminal combat uplift.
geometry of the roof
sustained no damage.
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NEW TERMINAL AREA MADRID- STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Roof
BARAJAS
Location : Madrid, Spain •
•
Inside covered in bamboo
Spanish limestone paving
Architect : Estudio Lamela & Richard • Supported internally on pairs of cantilevered
columns
Rogers Partnership
Completion : 2005
INTRODUCTION
Project was a result of a competition in 1997
Scheme was simplistic, adaptable, robust and flexible

Architectural Goals
• Simple geometrical techniques
• Open spaces, or “canyons”, separating each
longitudinal module TRANSVERSE BEAMS Each module is 72m by 72m. Each
module must be structurally
• Reducing dependency on artificial lighting LONGITUDINAL BEAMS independent in order to minimize
• Architectural functionality SKYLIGHTS SPLIT load transfer across the joists.

• Bright non-oppressive interior N COLUMNS

• Light transparent exterior
• Flexible and modular construction using SITE PLAN
precast materials Vertical structure
• Optimum acoustic absorption
GROUND CONDITIONS • Going across there are four columns: 2 central V-shaped and 2 Y-shaped
• Ground slopes gently down from west to east towards the columns at each end supporting the cantilevered roof.
Rio Jamara
• Central columns are tapered circular hollow steel sections, filled with
• 10-20m of soil is clay sands below those very dense clay sand cement grout to provide additional frame stiffness
sands and hard
salty sandy clays are prominent • Steel casting is used to bolt the base of the tapered columns to a shaped
concrete column.
• No general water table above basement level
• Outer edges of roof is supported on raking columns at 18m centres

• Stainless steel rods are pre-tensioned to ensure the lateral wind load on glazed
• The site gave for good construction conditions since the
elevation doesn’t induce compression. Because the building has glazing on both
water from heavy rains can drain through the shallow sides, the transverse roof beams are tied down by vertical trusses.

sandy layers into the river.

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THE UAE PAVILION
MORE THAN A BUILDING
Inspired by the breathtaking nature
of the UAE, the architecture of the
UAE Pavilion is also a unique marvel.
With 28 movable wings, the UAE
A SYMBOL OF THE UAE’S BOLD  Spanish architect and Pavilion’s roof can spread its wings to
AND DARING SPIRIT engineer Santiago Calatrava has harvest energy through integrated
The UAE Pavilion immerses visitors in unveiled the design of the photovoltaic panels.
the history and future of this nation – UAE Pavilion at Expo 2020 in
from its origins to its thriving present Dubai, UAE.
to the dreamers shaping an even
better tomorrow for all.  The 15,000 square meters pavilion
stands as a "symbolic
interpretation of the flow of
movement", designed with
carefully curated lines and spaces
that blend with its surroundings of
greenery, shaded arcades, and
cantilevered wings.

 The national monument is set to

create an immersive, multisensory
experience for visitors from both an
architectural standpoint, as well as
integrated cinematic features,
introducing them to the history,
culture, and futuristic innovations
of the UAE.
 To translate the pavilion's central SUSTAINABILITY
“ We are committed to ensure that the leading
theme of "wings that depict the
flow of movement", the roof practices of environmental sustainability are  The Calatrava-designed
UAE Pavilion has been
structure consists of a hybrid embedded at the heart of the design process. accredited LEED Platinum
system between a shell and a Certification and is
portal frame, composed of 28 Accordingly, the UAE Pavilion is energy-conscious and compliant with the Dubai
wings. integrates a range of elements and qualities of Green Building Regulations
and Specifications.
 Once activated, hydraulic oil is sustainable design, ensuring the longevity of the
 Accordingly, the UAE
pushed through these actuators, structure, to withstand the test of time. -- Pavilion is energy-
extending the pistons to open the conscious and integrates a
wings to their full capacity. Santiago Calatrava ” range of elements and
qualities of sustainable
design.
GZS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE SUBMITTED BY –
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Leesa SOHO
MIXED USE ARCHITECTURE, OFFICES
•BEIJING, CHINA
• Architects: Zaha Hadid Architects
• Area: 172800 m²
• Year: 2019
ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS
 Located on Lize Road in
southwest Beijing,

 Leeza SOHO tower anchors the

new Fengtai business district -
a growing financial and
transport hub between the city
centre and the recently
opened Beijing Daxing
International Airport to the
south.

 The new business district is

integral to Beijing’s multi-
modal urban plan to
accommodate growth without
impacting existing
infrastructure networks in the
centre of the city.

 This 45-storey 172,800m²

tower responds to demand
 The emerging space
from small and medium-sized
between these two halves
businesses in Beijing for
extends the full height of the
flexible and efficient Grade A
tower, creating the world’s
office space.
tallest atrium at 194.15m
 Adjacent to the business which rotates through the
building as the tower rises to
district’s rail station at the
realign the upper floors with
intersection of five new lines
Lize road to the north.
currently under construction
on Beijing’s Subway network,
Leeza SOHO’s site is diagonally  This rotation of the atrium
dissected by an underground
intertwines Leeza SOHO’s
subway service tunnel.
two halves in a dynamic ‘pas
 Straddling this tunnel, the de deux’ with connecting sky
bridges on levels 13, 24, 35
tower’s design divides its
and 45; its glazed facade
volume into two halves
giving panoramic views
enclosed by a single facade
across the city.
shell.

GZS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE SUBMITTED BY –

SUBMITTED TO –
AND PLANNING MRSPTU SUBJECT – DESIGN PHELOSOPHIES 4 GURSAGAR SINGH
AR AMANDEEP KAUR KHIVA
BATHINDA 210040005 (2021)