SUPERDISLOCATIONS
Mawadda Modathir ()
Abdullah Muhammad ()
Aziza Khaled ()
Khadija Saad ()
Mahmoud Hamed ()
Youssef Tarek ()
Superdislocation
s
•Super dislocations are like regular dislocations,
but it occurs in a highly ordered super alloy
(Ordered structure).
•And due to this order, the dislocation is two
atoms wide, while a regular dislocation is one
atom wide.
•Due to the highly ordered structure of the
super alloy, a super alloy is on the order of twice
as wide, it needs twice as much energy to move.
Ordered Structure
•Ordered alloys are composed of at least two types of atoms, which
alternate in position with some regularity.
•The two ordered structures (or superlattices) which have been most
extensively studied with respect to the annealing behavior are: -
i.L12 structure
ii.B2 structure
Ordered
Structure
• B2 structure
typical of AB
compounds such as
CuZn, FeCo, NiAl,
• L12 structure associated
with A3B alloys such as
Cu3Au, Ni3Al
Order and
Disorder
structures
Superdislocations
Movement
How Superdislocations move?
Ordered Structure after 1 step after 2 steps
Antiphase Boundary
after the 1st step, between the slipped and unslipped,
there's Antiphase Boundary "APB"
Extent of dissociation
𝑪
𝒓=
𝝈
Where:
is the width of APB (the distance
between the 2 superpartials)
is the surface tension of APF (no. of
wrong bonds cutting the boundary)
is a constant
Since dislocations have to move in pairs, it results in strain
hardening, increasing strength and decreasing ductility of
the material.
Nickel based Super
alloys
Nickel based superalloys are particularly important
in the manufacture of aero engines and industrial
gas turbines.
In all nickel based super alloys, the presence of the
γ phase hinders the motion of dislocations even
though it is coherent with the matrix. This is
because it has an ordered crystal structure.
Notice that the dislocations in the
image are paired-loops (i.e.
superdislocation loops).
In ordered alloys, such as Ni3Al or Ni3Ti, the
crystal structure is L12, which is basically similar to
FCC crystal structure but with the unit cell corner
atoms having a different type than the unit cell
face atoms.
Here is the unit cell of an L12 crystal with the
different atom colors indicating different atom
types
Now consider this situation, when a regular FCC dislocation (whose Burgers vector is [1/211¯0]
for example) glides on one of the highly close packed FCC planes (like the (111) plane), it
displaces the atoms by a displacement vector equal to the Burgers vector (1/211¯0 in this
case).
In the L12 shown below, the dislocation would place a purple atom in the position that should
be taken by a blue atom. Into which γ will disrupt the order.
With the atoms misplaced, the potential energy increases. Accompanying that increase, the
crystal would try to resist the glide of this dislocation into it by imposing what we call an Anti-
Phase Boundary (APB) force on the dislocation.
However, the passage of a second such dislocation through γ on the same slip plane restores
the order. As a consequence, the penetration of γ has to occur by pairs of γ dislocations. Such
pairs are called super dislocation which are just a pair of regular [1/211¯0] dislocations next to
each other. their total Burgers vector is [11¯0].
Blocking of Superdislocations
Blocking & self-locking of
Superdislocations in intermetallic
Superdislocations are carriers of plastic deformation in
intermetallics. A large translation vector, different types of
stacking faults and antiphase boundaries determine the diversity
of dislocation configurations, both glissile and blocked ones.
A new concept about the possibility of thermally activated
blocking of superdislocations in the absence of external stresses
(self-locking) were proposed.
Blocking & self-locking of
Superdislocations in intermetallics
•Although dislocation blocking mechanisms, which determine the
deformation behavior of materials, are diverse, they can be divided into two
groups.
[Link] the first group point blocking is due to pinning centers.
[Link] the second group linear blocking is explained by different
factors, such as dislocation reactions, collisions of dislocations
with domain boundaries and, finally, dislocation inherent
transformations. Such transformations, which are inherent in
dislocations as linear defects.
Sharp yielding
•The shear APB between a pair of
superdislocations is likely to be energetically
unstable since there are many like bonds across
the interface and thermal activation will modify
this sharp interface by atomic rearrangement.
This APB-locking model will give rise to sharp
yielding because the energy required by the
lead dislocation in creating sharp APB is greater
than that released by the trailing dislocation
initially moving across diffuse APB.
Weak-beam micrographs showing separation of
superdislocation partials in Cu3 Au. (a) As deformed, (b)
after ageing at 225 °C (after Morris and Smallman, 1975).
Discontinuous yielding in ordered
alloys
•Discontinuous yield points
have been observed in a wide
variety of A3B-type alloys.
•Figure shows Development of
a yield point with ageing at
490 °C for the times indicated.
(a) Ni3 Fe, (b) Ni3 Fe C 5% Al;
the tests are at room
temperature.
