Discussion 2: Scope, Pass-by-
Value, Static
Christine Zhou
Agenda
- Announcements
- Worksheet #1
- Worksheet #2
- Worksheet #3 (if we can!)
Administrivia
● Lab 1 and Lab 2 due this Friday 2/1 at midnight.
○ Note, all labs are due Friday at midnight the week they are
assigned.
● Proj0 NBody also due Friday at midnight.
○ If you haven’t started please start ASAP!
● Office hours and exam prep/LOST sections start this week! See
calendars on the course website.
● Pre-semester Advising: @414 or email me!
● Discussion survey: http://tinyurl.com/cz-disc2-sp19
○ Good for me to collect your emails (in case I have announcements or mess up
during discussion 😅)
Review: Defining classes
// class definition
public class IntList {
// instance variables
int head;
IntList tail;
// constructors, which will create IntList objects
public IntList() {...}
public IntList(int value, IntList tail) {...}
// you can create methods that use the instance variables!
public void insert(int val) {...}
public void removeLast() {...}
}
Review: Java’s Types
Primitives: References:
● byte, short, long, int, double, ● Everything else!
float, char, boolean ● Objects, arrays, Strings, etc.
Review: Box and Pointer Diagrams
● Box and Pointers are the 61B equivalent of 61A’s environment
diagram
● They are crucial to helping us keep track of what goes on in a
program: use them! We didn’t specify what
int x = 29; int[] arr = new int[3]; integers are going in the
array, so Java initializes
it with the default value
int x int[ ] arr 0
29 0 0 0
Primitives go in the box Reference types are referenced via pointers
Java is pass by value
Golden Rule of Equals AKA pass-by-value
● When you do “a = b”, you always copy the bits (whatever is inside
the box) of b into a.
● For primitives: Directly copy the value inside b to a.
● For Reference types: Copy the memory address of b into a.
○ Also can say “copies the pointer in b to a”
int[ ] arr1
int x = 29; int[] arr1 = new int[3];
int x int y 0 0 0
int y = x; int[] arr2 = arr1;
29 29 int[ ] arr2
1)Pass by What?
Java Visualizer
Review: Static Variables/Methods
public class Human {
● Static == belong to the class public String name;
public int age;
● Shared by all instances of the class public static int population;
● Doesn’t need to be called from any public void happyBirthday() {...}
public static void getPopulation() {...}
particular instance and doesn’t need
public static void main(String[] args) {
access instance variables. Human christine = new Human();
● Should be accessed via dot notation }
}
with the class name, not instance
(though instance does work, just bad
style)
○ Human.population is better than
christine.population
2) Static Methods and Variables
Java Visualizer
Review: IntLists
● IntLists are the equivalent of 61A’s “Linked List” with one
restriction: it can only hold integers.
● Each IntList consists of 2 elements:
○ an integer first
○ an IntList rest
IntList l first rest
1 2 3
3) Practice with Linked Lists
The golden rule of equals applies here!
Golden Rule of Equals AKA pass-by-value
● When you do “a = b”, you copy the bits (whatever is inside the box) of b into a.
● For primitives: Directly copy the value inside b to a.
● For Reference types: Copy the memory address of b into a. “Copies the
pointer in b to a”
Java Visualizer
Components of recursion:
4) Extra: Squaring a List 1. Base case
2. Recursive call
3. Composition
public static IntList square(IntList L) {
public static IntList squareDestructive(IntList L) {
Components of recursion:
4) Extra: Squaring a List 1. Base case
2. Recursive call
3. Composition
Components of recursion:
4) Extra: Squaring a List 1. Base case
2. Recursive call
3. Composition
