Relational operators
1
Boolean operators
and, or The tab character.
2
Boolean operators
not
3
Boolean expression
Example:
(2 > 1) and Is_even or not big
Suppose Is_even = True, and big = True.
Then the value of the boolean expression
(2 > 1) and Is_even or not big
True True True
is True
True False
True
4
The eval “command”
5
The if-else statment
Example Condition, which is an expression
with value either True or False
keywords
The if-else statment
Example
must be a colon here
The if-else statment
Example
When a compound statement
statements is executed, the statements in
with same indentation it will be
executed sequentially.
form one-single compound
statement
The if-else statment
Example
yes-statement
To execute an if-else statement,
the condition will be evaluated
first. If it is True, the yes-statement
is executed. Otherwise, the
no-statement no-statement is executed.
The if-else statment Flow-chart for
showing the
Example execution
Evaluate
yes-statement condition
yes no
yes-stmt no-stmt
no-statement
The if-else statment
Example
A special statement, which does nothing
Implement a menu
12
Implement a menu
13
Implement a menu
Yes-stmt
No-stmt
14
Implement a menu
Yes-stmt
No-stmt
15
Implement a menu
Use the elif statement
Actions for the options
…
Options of the
menu
default
In-class exercise: Magic square revisited
A magic square is a 3x3 table with nine distinct integers from 1
to 9 so that the sum of integers in each row, column, and
corner-to-corner diagonal is the same.
An example
2 7 6
9 5 1
4 3 8
Write a Python program that reads a 3x3 table and prints
“yes” if the table is a magic square, and “no” otherwise.
17
Recall: our magic square program for
printing the row sums, column sums and
diagonal sums
Modify the above program so that it prints “yes” if the
table is a magic square, and prints “no” otherwise.
18
Exercise: Sort three integers
Write a program that reads three integers, and then prints
them in ascending order (i.e., from smallest to largest).
Example:
Input: 34, 1, 15
Output: 1, 15, 34
You may assume that the three integers are distinct.
19
Decision tree for sorting three integers
a>b
Y N
a>c
Y N b>c
Y
N
b>c b
N a a>c a
Y
c Y N b
c
c b
b c c a
a a a c
b b
Challenge: Write a Python program that uses only the if-else statement to
sort four integers.
20
loops/Iterations
To run a sequence of statements repeatedly using
(i) the while statement, or
(ii) the for statement
The while statement
In general
while (condition): condition
loop-body
true false
To execute the statement loop-body
1. determine if the condition is true/false.
2. If true, execute the loop-body once, and
then go back to Step 1. flow chart for
3. If false, stop the while statement, and while
executing the following statement.
22
The while statement
Another statement for implementing loops.
i < 10?
yes no
loop
body print “Hello”
i=i +1
23
The for statement
An equivalent program using the for statement example
First, 0 assigned to i and execute loop body
Then, 1 assigned to i and execute loop body
Then, 2 assigned to i and execute loop body
...
Finally, 9 assigned to i and exectue loop body
loop-body, the statement (or sequence of statements)
to be executed in each iteration (pass).
Note that the indentation is very important.
24
A simple way to generate
[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]: range(10)
Will also print 10 “Hello”
25
What does “for i in …” really do?
loop body
i is assigned each of the
elements in the list one by one,
and for each assignment,
execute the loop body once.
26
More on range()
range(a, b, t) gives
a, a+t, a+2t, ..., a+kt
where
k is the largest integer
with a+kt < b
27
"for i in …": … can be any group of values, even
set is allowed
Only the keys
will be assigned
to i
28
Program for checking magic square
29
Another program for checking magic
square
30
Decision Tree Sort 3
31
