MODULE – 13

CLOUD COMPUTING

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 Module 13: Cloud Computing

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

• Explain the characteristics of cloud computing
• Describe cloud services and deployment models
• Describe cloud computing infrastructure
• Discuss the challenges of cloud computing
• Discuss cloud adoption considerations

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 Module 13: Cloud Computing

Lesson 1: Cloud Computing Overview

During this lesson the following topics are covered:
• Definition of cloud computing
• Essential characteristics of cloud computing
• Benefits of cloud computing
• Cloud enabling technologies

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 Drivers for Cloud Computing
• Business requirements:-
 Transformation of IT processes to achieve more with less
 Better agility and higher availability at reduced expenditure
 Reduced time-to-market
 Accelerated pace of innovation
• IT challenges to meet business requirements are: -
 Serving customers worldwide round the clock,
 refreshing technology quickly, all at reduced cost
 faster provisioning of IT resources
Note:- Above challenges are addressed by emergence of => cloud computing

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 What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing

A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to

a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers, storage,
networks, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
– NIST

• Essential Cloud characteristics:-

 On-demand self-service
 Broad network access
 Resource pooling
 Rapid elasticity
 Measured service

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 On-demand Self-service
• Enables consumers to unilaterally provision
computing capabilities (examples:- server time and
storage capacity) as needed automatically
• Consumers view service catalogue via a Web-based
user interface and use it to request for a service

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 Broad Network Access
• Computing capabilities are available over the
network
• Computing capabilities are accessed from a
broad range of client platforms such as:
 Desktop computer
 Laptop
 Tablet
 Mobile device

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 Resource Pooling
• Provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve
multiple consumers using a multitenant model
• Resources are assigned from the pool according to
consumer demand
• Consumers have no control or knowledge over the exact
location of the provided resources

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 Rapid Elasticity
• Computing capabilities can be elastically
provisioned and released
• Computing capabilities are scaled rapidly,
commensurate with consumer’s demand
 Provides a sense of unlimited scalability

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 Measured Service
• Cloud computing provides a metering system that continuously
monitors resource consumption and generates reports
 Helps to control and optimize resource use
 Helps to generate billing and chargeback reports

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 Benefits of Cloud Computing

Benefits Description

Reduced IT cost • Reduces the up-front capital expenditure (CAPEX)

• Provides the ability to deploy new resources quickly

Business agility
• Enables businesses to reduce time-to-market
• Enables consumers to scale up, scale down, scale
out, or scale in the demand for computing resources
Flexible scaling easily
• Consumers can unilaterally and automatically scale
computing resources
• Ensures resource availability at varying levels,
High availability
depending on consumer’s policy and priority

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 Cloud Enabling Technologies

Technologies Description

• Form of distributed computing

Grid computing • Enables resources of numerous computers in a
network to work on a single task at the same time
Utility • Service provisioning model that offers computing
computing resources as a metered service

• Abstracts physical characteristics of IT resources

from resource users
Virtualization
• Enables resource pooling and creating virtual
resources from pooled resources
Service-
oriented • Provides a set of services that can communicate
architecture with each other
(SOA)

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 Module 13: Cloud Computing

Lesson 2: Cloud Service and Deployment Models

During this lesson the following topics are covered:
• Cloud service models
• Cloud deployment models

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 Cloud Service Models
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

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 Infrastructure-as-a-Service
• Consumers deploy their software, including OS and application
on provider’s infrastructure
 Computing resources such as processing power, memory, storage,
and networking components are offered as service
 Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.
• Consumers have control over the OSs and deployed applications
Consumer’s Resources Application

Database

OS

Provider’s Resources Compute

Storage
Cloud

Network

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 Platform-as-a-Service
• Consumers deploy consumer-created or acquired applications
onto provider’s computing platform
 Computing platform is offered as a service
 Example: Google App Engine and Microsoft Windows Azure
Platform
• Consumer has control over deployed applications
Consumer’s Resources Application

Database
Provider’s Resources
OS

Compute

Storage
Cloud

Network

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 Software-as-a-Service
• Consumers use provider’s applications running on the cloud
infrastructure
 Applications are offered as a service
 Examples: EMC Mozy and Salesforce.com
• Service providers exclusively manage computing infrastructure
and software to support services
Application

Database
Provider’s Resources
OS

Compute

Storage
Cloud

Network

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 Cloud Deployment Models
• Public
• Private
• Community
• Hybrid

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 Public Cloud

Enterprise P Enterprise Q

Cloud Service Provider’s

Resources

User R

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 Private Cloud

On-Premise Private Cloud Externally Hosted Private Cloud

Enterprise P
Enterprise P
Resources of Cloud Service
Enterprise P Provider’s Resources

Dedicated for
Enterprise P

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 Community Cloud

Community Users

Enterprise P Enterprise Q Enterprise R

Cloud Service
Provider’s Resources

Dedicated for
Community Users

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 Hybrid Cloud

Enterprise Q
Enterprise P
Cloud Service
Resources of
Provider’s Resources
Enterprise P

Public Cloud Private Cloud

User R

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 Module 13: Cloud Computing

Lesson 3: Cloud Infrastructure, Challenges, and Considerations

During this lesson the following topics are covered:
• Cloud infrastructure
• Challenges of cloud computing
• Cloud adoption considerations

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 Cloud Infrastructure Framework

Cloud Management and Service Creation Tools

Applications and Platform

Software

Virtual
Infrastructure

Physical
Infrastructure

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 Physical Infrastructure
• Physical infrastructure includes physical IT resources
 Physical servers
 Storage systems
 Networks
• Physical servers are connected to each other, to the storage systems, and to clients via
networks
• Physical resources may be located in a single data center or distributed across multiple
data centers

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 Virtual Infrastructure
• Virtual infrastructure consists of:
 Resource pools
 CPU, memory, network bandwidth, storage pools
 Identity pools
 VLAN ID and VSAN ID pools
 Virtual IT resources
 Virtual Machines (VMs), virtual storage volumes, virtual networks (VLAN and VSAN)

• Virtual IT resources obtain capacity and identity from resource and identity pools
respectively

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 Applications and Platform Software
• Suite of software that may include:
 Business applications
 Platform software such as OS and database
 Provide environments for applications to run

• Applications and platform software are hosted on VMs

 To create software-as-a-service (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service (PaaS)

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 Cloud Management and Service Creation Tools
• Include three types of software:
 Physical and virtual infrastructure management software
 Unified management software
 User-access management software
• These software interact among themselves to automate provisioning of cloud services

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 Cloud-optimized Storage
• Provides rapid elasticity, global access, and storage capacity on-demand
• Leverages object-based storage technology
• Enables self-service and fully metered access to storage resources
• Key characteristics of cloud-optimized storage solution are:
 Massively scalable
 Unified namespace
 Metadata and policy-based information management
 Secure multitenancy
 Multiple access mechanisms (through REST and SOAP web service APIs and file-based
access)

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 Cloud Challenges – Consumer’s Perspective
• Security and regulation
 Consumers are indecisive to transfer control of sensitive data
 Regulation may prevent organizations to use cloud services
• Network latency
 Real time applications may suffer due to network latency and
limited bandwidth
• Supportability
 Service provider might not support proprietary environments
 Incompatible hypervisors could impact VM migration
• Vendor lock-in
 Restricts consumers from changing their cloud service providers
 Lack of standardization across cloud-based platforms

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 Cloud Challenges – Provider’s Perspective
• Service warranty and service cost
 Resources must be kept ready to meet unpredictable demand
 Hefty penalty, if SLAs are not fulfilled
• Complexity in deploying vendor software in the cloud
 Many vendors do not provide cloud-ready software licenses
 Higher cost of cloud-ready software licenses
• No standard cloud access interface
 Cloud consumers want open APIs
 Need agreement among cloud providers for standardization

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 Cloud Adoption Considerations
• CIOs/IT Managers seeking to move to the cloud face several questions:
 Which deployment model fits organization’s requirements?
 Private, public, hybrid
 Which are the applications suitable for cloud?
 How do I choose the cloud service provider?
 Is the cloud infrastructure capable of providing the required Quality of Service (QoS)?
 Performance, availability, and security
 What is the financial benefit in adopting cloud?

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 What Deployment Model Fits for You?

Individual Startup SMB Enterprise

Public cloud Hybrid cloud

• Convenience outweighs • Tier 1 apps: private cloud
risk • Tier 2-4 apps (backup,
• Low cost or free archive, testing): public
• Ex: Picasa, Google apps cloud

Private cloud
Public cloud • Tier 2-4: private cloud
• Tier 1: may continue to run in a
• Convenience outweighs risk
traditional data center
environment

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 Choosing Applications for Public Cloud
• Some key questions to ask before migrating a consumer application to the public cloud:
 Is the application compatible to cloud platform software? Is it a legacy application?
 Is the application proprietary and mission-critical? Does the application provide competitive
advantage?
 Is the application workload network traffic intensive? Will application performance be
impacted by network latency and limited network bandwidth?
 Does the application communicate with other data center resources or applications?

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 Financial Advantage
• Require analysis of financial benefits in adopting cloud
• Consider CAPEX and OPEX to deploy and maintain own
infrastructure versus cloud-adoption cost

Cost of Owning Infrastructure Cloud Adoption

Cost
CAPEX OPEX OPEX
• Servers • Power and cooling • Migration
• Storage • Personnel • Compliance and
• Operating system • Bandwidth security
(OS) • Maintenance • Subscription fee
• Application • Support
• Network • Backup
equipments
• Real estate

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 Selecting a Public Cloud Service Provider
• Some key questions to ask before selecting a provider:
 How long and how well has the provider been delivering the services?
 How well does the provider meet the organization’s current and future requirements?
 How easy is it to add or remove services?
 How easy is it to move to another provider, when required?
 What happens when the provider upgrades their software? Is it forced on everyone? Can
you upgrade on your own schedule?
 Does the provider offer the required security services?
 Does the provider meet your legal and privacy requirements?
 Does the provider have good customer service support?

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 QoS Considerations
• Consumers should check whether the QoS attributes meet their requirements
• SLA is a contract between the cloud service provider and consumers that defines QoS
attributes
 Attributes examples: throughput, uptime, and so on

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 Module 13: Cloud Computing

Concept in Practice:
• Vblock

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 Vblock
• Integrated cloud infrastructure
package
 Includes compute, storage, network,
and virtualization products Applications
 Delivered by EMC, VMware, and Cisco OS

• Enables building virtualized data Virtualization

center and cloud infrastructure
• Pre-architected, preconfigured, Compute

pretested, and ready to be deployed Network

 Saves cost and deployment time Storage

Vblock Infrastructure Package

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 Module 13: Summary
Key points covered in this module:
• Characteristics of cloud computing
• Cloud services and deployment models
• Cloud computing infrastructure
• Challenges of cloud computing
• Cloud adoption considerations

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