Sexually Transmitted
infection (STIs)
Lecturer : JAMIILA ABDIRAHMAN Jama
Sexually transmitted infections
• Infection that are most commonly passed through sexual contact.
• Oral
• Vagina
• Anal
• Skin –to – skin
Transmission
• In order for transmission to occur, it is necessary to have:
• A body fluid with the germ in it
• A way of speeding the germ from one person to another .
Body fluids
• Semen • Saliva
• Vaginal • Tears
• Blood • Sweat
• Fluid in sore or blister • Urine
• Ear wax
Method of transmission low risk or no risk
Hugging
Kissing
Holding
Dancing
Sitting on toilets
Massage
Sharing knives
Method of transmission high risk
• Sexual intercourse
• Vagina
• Anal
• Oral
• Blood to blood contact
• Sharing needle or other drug use equipment
• Infected mother to her baby
Bacteria viral
• Bacteria STIs include chlamydia, • Viral STI include HPV, HIV,
gonorrhea and syphilis Herpes, hepatitis B , there is no
• Can be treated and cured with cure
antibioics • Medication available to treat
• Un treated infection can cause symptoms only.
PID,infertility, and epididymitis. • Can pass on to other for the rest
of your life .
Chlamydia
• The most common bacteria STI
• Greatest number of infections found in people 15to 24years old.
• Un treated, it can effect the cervix and urethra, and occasionally the
rectum, throat, and eye.
• 50% have no symptoms – men and women
• Can be treated with antibiotics
Gonorrhea
• The 2nd most common bacterial STI
• Most common in people aged 15 to 29
• Can effect the cervix , urethra , rectum, throat, and occasionally the
eyes.
• Can treated with antibiotics
• Often no symptoms, especially in females.
Gonorrhea sing and symptoms
Female Male
• Increased vaginal dis charge • Thick, yellowish- green
yellowish green in color. discharge from the penis
• Painful urination • Painfull urination
• Lower abdominal pain • Testicular pain or swelling
• Bleeding after sex and between • Rectal pain, discharge or itching
periods.
• Pain during sex
SYPHILIS
• A bacterial infection that progresses in stages
• Primary : (3 days – 3months ) stars as small painless sore called a
chance : goes away on its own.
• Secondary : (2-24weeks ) rash on the body, palms of hand
and soles of feet , hair loss, feeling sick.
• Latent lesions or rashes can recur
Syphilis complication
• Un treated syphilis may lead to tertiary syphilis, which can damage :
• the cardiovascular system ( heart and blood vessels )
• The neurological system
• Other major organs of the body
• Complication may lead to death
Hepatitis B (HBV)
• Virus that attacks the liver
• Most infected people (90%) naturally produce antibodies to fight the
disease, but some develop chronic HBV and will carry the virus for
the rest of their life .
• Chronic infection can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and cancer.
• There is no cure, but vaccination can prevent infection.
HIV/ AIDS
• Hiv is virus that destroys the immune system over time.
• Once the immune system is weakened, other infections occur and
AIDS develops( the fatal stage of HIV infection )
• The virus is present in blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast
milk .
HIV/ aids signs and symptoms
• 2 to 4 weeks after exposure , some people experience mild flu- like
symptoms that last a few weak then disappear
• Many people have no symptoms until years after exposure
• The only way to know is to get tested .
STI prevention
• Abstant from sexual intercourse ( only method that in 100%
effective )
• Don’t share needle or other drug – use equipment
• Get tested for STI before having sex
• Use latex condom
• Avoid alcohol and other drugs
When should I get tested
• You didn’t use a condom or the condom broke
• Your partner has an STI
• Your partner is having sex with some one else
• You have ever injected drugs
• You or your partner have any STI syptoms
• You have been raped
WHERE TO GO FOR HELP
• Parents
• Heath teacher
• Heath unit clinic
• Family doctor ,nurse or midwife
• Walk in clinic
• Hospital emergency department
