A MINOR PROJECT REVIEW
ON
WILDFIRE DETECTION,
SPOTTING AND
NOTIFICATION
PRESENTED BY
PATEL AKSHAY R(21EE061)
DANGAR DHAVAL B(21BEE023)
PROJECT GUIDE:
Prof. CHANAKYA B. BHATT
• OUTLINE
• FOREST FIRE
• METHODS OF FOREST FIRE DETECTION
• BME688 4 IN ONE SENSOR
• SPI VS I2C INTERFACE
• BME688 CONNECTION WITH ARDUINO
• LoRaWAN NETWORK
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
FOREST FIRE
FOREST FIRES :
ONCE A NATURAL OCCURRENCE HAVE
BECOME MORE FREQUENT AND
DESTRUCTIVE DUE TO HUMAN ACTIONS,
CLIMATE CHANGE, AND LAND USE CHANGES.
THESE FIRES HARM BOTH ECOSYSTEMS AND
PEOPLE. image of Forest Fire[1]
CAUSES:
• NATURAL: LIGHTNING, SPONTANEOUS
COMBUSTION, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
• HUMAN: CAMPFIRES, SMOKING,
IMPACT AND MITIGATION OF WILDFIRE
Impact Mitigation Strategy
Biodiversity Loss Fire prevention measures.
Sustainable land management
Soil Erosion
practices
Air Pollution Early detection systems
Improved firefighting
Property Damage
capabilities
public education, controlled
Economic Losses
burns
METHODS OF WILDFIRE DETECTION
Method Description Advantages Limitations
A network of
sensors detect Limited range,
Ground-Based Early detection,
temperature, requires dense
Sensors real-time data
humidity, and network
smoke.
Cameras that detect
Day/night Affected by
Optical and heat signatures,
monitoring, visual visibility, requires
Infrared Cameras even before a fire
perspective power and oversight
becomes visible.
Drones equipped
with thermal
Aerial cameras can Wide coverage, Costly, weather-
Surveillance provide real-time, access to remote dependent, limited
(Drones/Aircraft ) high-resolution areas flight time (drones)
imagery of potential
fire locations.
Infrared sensors on
WILDFIRE DETECTION USING SENSORS
MEASURED QUANTITIES:
• TEMPERATURE: INFRARED DETECTORS, GROUND-BASED THERMOMETERS
• HUMIDITY: HUMIDITY SENSORS
• WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED: ANEMOMETERS
• SMOKE: OPTICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSORS
• CARBON MONOXIDE: GAS OR CARBON MONOXIDE SENSORS
• FLAME: FLAME SENSORS
• ACOUSTIC SIGNALS: ACOUSTIC SENSORS
• AIR QUALITY: AIR QUALITY SENSORS
SENSOR
FEATURES:
• MQ-2 SMOKE/LPG/CO GAS SENSOR MODULE
• POWER: 5V DC
• SENSITIVITY: DETECTS SMOKE, LPG, METHANE, HYDROGEN, AND CO
• OUTPUTS: ANALOG (GAS CONCENTRATION) AND DIGITAL (THRESHOLD-BASED)
MQ-2 SENSOR
• RANGE: 200 TO 10000 PPM
• WARM-UP: ~20 SECONDS FOR STABLE READINGS
• APPLICATIONS: GAS LEAK DETECTORS, AIR QUALITY MONITORS, SAFETY ALARMS
• DHT11 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR
• POWER: 3.3–5V DC
• MEASUREMENTS: TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
• ACCURACY: ±2°C FOR TEMPERATURE, ±5% RH FOR HUMIDITY
• RANGE: 0–50°C (TEMPERATURE), 20–80% RH (HUMIDITY)
• OUTPUT: DIGITAL SIGNAL
• SAMPLING RATE: 1 HZ (1 READING PER SECOND)
• APPLICATIONS: HOME AUTOMATION, WEATHER STATIONS, HVAC SYSTEMS DHT11
LoRa-WAN NETWORK
WHY LoRa-WAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING?
• EXTENDED RANGE: IDEAL FOR VAST, REMOTE AREAS DUE TO LONG-RANGE COMMUNICATION
CAPABILITIES.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION FOR BATTERY-POWERED SENSORS AND
GATEWAYS.
• SCALABILITY: ACCOMMODATES THOUSANDS OF DEVICES SIMULTANEOUSLY.
• COST-EFFECTIVE: REQUIRES LESS INFRASTRUCTURE AND HAS LOWER PER-DEVICE COSTS
COMPARED TO CELLULAR NETWORKS.
• RELIABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY: MESH NETWORKING ENSURES RELIABLE COMMUNICATION
EVEN IF NODES FAIL.
• COMPONENTS AND COMMUNICATION PATHWAYS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND RAPID
RESPONSE.
DETECTED DATA TRANSFER THROUGH
WLAN NETWORK
Fig. LoRaWAN NETWORK
TYPES OF GATEWAY
1. MESH NETWORK WITH GATEWAYS:
• PURPOSE: ENSURES RELIABLE DATA TRANSMISSION THROUGH REDUNDANT
COMMUNICATION PATHS.
• OPERATION: GATEWAYS COLLECT DATA FROM NEARBY SENSORS AND FORWARD IT
THROUGH THE MESH NETWORK.
2. BORDER GATEWAY:
• ROLE: CONNECTS THE MESH NETWORK TO EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS.
• CONNECTIVITY OPTIONS: TERRESTRIAL (CELLULAR) OR SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION.
3. DATA TRANSMISSION AND MONITORING:
• PROCESS: BORDER GATEWAY TRANSMITS DATA TO A CENTRAL MONITORING SYSTEM.
• IMPORTANCE: REAL-TIME DATA TRANSMISSION ENABLES EARLY DETECTION
SENSOR BASED FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
CONNECTION
• DHT11 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR MODULE:
VCC (PIN 1) TO ESP32’S 3.3V PIN
GND (PIN 2) TO ESP32’S GND PIN
DATA (PIN 3) TO ESP32’S GPIO PIN (D4)
2. MQ-2 SMOKE/LPG/CO GAS SENSOR MODULE:
VCC (PIN 1) TO ESP32’S 3.3V PIN
GND (PIN 2) TO ESP32’S GND PIN
DIGITAL OUT (PIN 3) TO ESP32’S DIGITAL INPUT PIN D34
Result In Normal Condition
Result Before fire
Result After
fire
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION:
• FOREST FIRES POSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN COMMUNITIES.
• EARLY DETECTION IS CRUCIAL FOR MITIGATING DAMAGE.
• SENSOR TECHNOLOGY PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN ACQUIRING REAL-TIME DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS.
• BME688 SENSOR IS A VERSATILE OPTION FOR MONITORING TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, PRESSURE, AND GAS
CONCENTRATIONS.
• LoRaWAN NETWORKS ENABLE LONG-RANGE AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT DATA TRANSMISSION.
FUTURE SCOPE :
• BUILD NETWORK WHICH CAN DETECT FAULT IN EARLY STAGE AND PROVIDE DATA TO THE SERVER
ROOM THROUGH WLAN NET. AND NOTIFY NEAR BY WATCH TOWER AND NEAR BY FIRE STATION
THROUGH MOBILE APPLICATION.
• IF NEAR BY WATCH TOWER WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE NOTIFICATION THE ALARM CALL WILL
TRANSFER TO THE HIGHER AUTHORITY AND NEXT WATCH TOWER .
REFERENCES
1. IMAGE FROM AI (GEMINI)
2. DRYAD NETWORKS, "DRYAD ENVIRONMENTAL IOT," [ONLINE]. AVAILABLE: HTTPS://WWW.DRYAD.NET/.
3. BOSCH SENSORTEC, "BME688 – GAS SENSORS," [ONLINE]. AVAILABLE:
HTTPS://WWW.BOSCH-SENSORTEC.COM/PRODUCTS/ENVIRONMENTAL-SENSORS/GAS-SENSORS/BME688/
4. WAVESHARE, "BME680 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR," [ONLINE].
AVAILABLE:HTTPS://WWW.WAVESHARE.COM/WIKI/BME680_ENVIRONMENTAL_SENSOR .
THANK YOU
