MALE

REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM

1
 OBJECTIVES

 By the end of the lecture, you should be

able to:
 List the different components of the
male reproductive system.
 Describe the anatomy of the primary
and the secondary sex organs regarding:
(location, function, structure, blood
supply & lymphatic drainage).
 Describe the anatomy of the male
external genital organs.
2
Components Of Male Reproductive
System
I- Primary Sex Organ:
 Testis.

II- Reproductive
Tract:
 Epididymis.
 Vas Deferens.
 Spermatic cord.

III- Accessory Sex

Glands:
 Seminal vesicles.
 Prostate gland.
 Bulbourethral
glands.
IV- External Genitalia:
 Penis 3
 It is an out pouching of
loose skin & superficial
fascia.
Scrotum
The Left scrotum is
slightly lower than the
right, WHY?
 Functions:
 Houses and protects the
testis.
 Regulates testicular
temperature (no superficial
fat).
 It has thin skin with sparse
hairs and sweat glands.
 The Dartos muscle lies
within the superficial fascia T
and replaces Scarp’s fascia
of the anterior abdominal L
wall..
4
 Testes
 Paired almond-shape sc
gonads that suspended in
the scrotum by the
spermatic cord.
 Its volume is about 20-
25 ml.
 4 - 5 cm long. i
 Weigh (10.5 – 14 g.). ym
d
i di
 Functions: Ep
 Spermatogenesis.
s
 Hormone production: T
(Androgens--
testosterone).
 Testis or Testicle

(singular), Testes
(plural). 5
 Coverings Of
The Testis
 Tunica Vaginalis:
 Peritoneal covering,

formed of parietal
and visceral layers.
 It surrounds testis &

epididymis.
 It allows free

movement of testis
within the scrotum.
 Tunica albuginea:

It is a whitish fibrous
capsule. TV

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Internal Structure of The
Testis
Fibrous septae extend from the
capsule, dividing the testis into
(200-300) lobules (average 250).
Each lobule contains, (1-3)
seminiferous tubules.
Seminiferous Tubules: (each is a
60 cm coiled tubule).
They are the site of
R
spermatogenesis.
They form the bulk of testicular
T
tissue.
 In between the seminiferous

tubules lies the Interstitial cells

of Leydig which secret
Testosterone.
Rete testis:

A network of tubules.
It
is the site of merging of the
Seminiferous tubules. 7
 Blood Supply
of Testis
Testicular artery:
It arises from the abdominal
aorta at the level of L 3.
Venous drainage:
(Pampiniform plexus of veins).
About dozen of veins which
forms a network within the
spermatic cord.
 They become larger as they Testicular
approached the inguinal Artery
canal to form the Testicular
vein.
 Right Vein drains into IVC.
 Left Vein drains into left
renal vein.

8
 IMPORTANT!
Testicular Lymphatics:
Follow arteries and veins of the
testis:
End in Lumbar (par
aortic) nodes.

Scrotum, Penis and Prepuce:

9
Indication:
Evaluation of testicular pain in case of
Cremasteric
(Testicular Torsion). reflex
Technique:
Examiner strokes or pinches the skin
in the upper medial thigh. It causes
cremasteric contraction.
Observation:
Rise of the Testicle on same side
(normal).
Interpretation:
Normal: It is present with
Epididymitis.
Absent: (no Testicle rise), Is
Suggestive of Testicular Torsion.
Also absent in 50% of boys under age
30 months.
Do not use this test under age of 30
months.
Efficacy.
Test Sensitivity for Testicular 10
It


is a single coiled tubule.
6 Meters long.
Epididymis
 Located on the superior
and posterior margins of
the testis.
 It is divided into 3 parts:
H
Head, Body and Tail. V D
The Head receives (rete testis)
efferent ductules from the
testis.
The Tail is continuous with
Vas Deferens.
Functions: B
1. Secretes and absorbs the
nourishing fluid.
2. Recycles damaged
spermatozoa.
3. Stores spermatozoa up to 2
weeks to allow for
physiological maturation of
sperms. T 11
 It is a muscular Vas
tube 45 cm long.
 Carries sperms
Deferen
from the epididymis s
to pelvic cavity.
 Passes through the
inguinal canal as
one of the contents
of the spermatic
cord .
 It crosses the lower
end of the ureter.
 Its terminal part is
dilated to form the
Ampulla of the vas.
 It joins the duct of
the seminal vesicle to
form ejaculatory duct
which opens into the
prostatic urethra. Prof. Makarem 12
 Accessory
Glands
 Seminal vesicle.
 Prostate.

 Bulbourethral

or Cooper’s
glands
 Functions:

1. Secretion of
seminal fluid.
2. Nourishing,
activation of
sperms.
3. Protection of
sperms.
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 Seminal VD
Vesicles
BASE OF
 Paired elongated
glands (SV). THE
 Located posterior URINARY
& inferior to the BLADDER
urinary bladder.
 Lies lateral to the
vas deference. SV
 Secrete (60% of
the Seminal
fluid).
Prostat
e

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 Ejaculatory
Ducts
Formed by the
union of the lower
end of the vas
deferens and the
duct of the seminal
vesicle.
Its length is about

2.5cm.
The 2 ejaculatory

ducts open into the

prostatic urethra on
both sides of the
seminal colliculus.
They drain the

seminal fluid into the

prostatic urethra.
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 Prostate
Gland
The Largest male accessory gland.
It is a fibromuscular glandular
tissue.
It is a walnut size.
It is located at the neck of bladder.
It is traversed by the prostatic
urethra.
It secretes (20-30% of seminal
fluid.)
Shape: Conical, It has:
Base (Superior):
Attached to neck of urinary bladder.
Apex (Inferior), rests on the
Urogenital diaphragm. U P
Four Surfaces: Anterior, posterior
and 2 lateral (Right & Left) P
surfaces.
 It secretes enzymes which has the
following functions:
 Aid in activating sperm motility.
 Mucus degradation.
 Neutralize the acidity of female
reproductive tract (Alkaline
fluid). 16
 Capsule
 Internally, it has a dense
fibrous capsule (prostatic
capsule), which is surrounded
from outside by a fibrous
prostatic sheath.
The later is continuous with

the puboprostatic part of the

levator ani muscle, (levator
prostate).
In between the prostatic

capsule and the prostatic facial

sheath lies the prostatic venous
plexus.
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Relations UB
Anterior:
Symphysis pubis
R SP
(SP).
Superior:
Neck of the bladder.
Posterior: SP UB D
UG R
Rectum ®
(important for PR
examination)
Inferior:
Urogenital UG
diaphragm, (UGD). D
Lateral: Medial
margins of levator
ani muscles
(levator prostate). 18
 Anatomically
 It is divided into 5 lobes according to their Lobes
relation to the urethra:
 Anterior lobe, (isthmus):
 Lies anterior to the urethra.
 It is fibromuscular.
 Posterior lobe:
 Posterior to the urethra and inferior to the
ejaculatory ducts.
 Two lateral lobes:
 On each side of the urethra.
 Middle (median):
 Between the urethra and ejaculatory ducts &
closely related to neck of urinary bladder.
 Usually it projects into lumen of the
bladder distorting the internal
urethral sphincter, after the age of
40 years.
 The median & the 2 lateral lobes are
19
rich in glandular tissue.
 Blood Supply & Lymph Drainage
Arterial Supply:
Inferior vesical artery from IIA.
Prostatic venous plexus:
Lies between the prostatic fibrous
capsule and the prostatic sheath.
It drains into the internal iliac
veins.
It is continuous superiorly with the
vesical venous plexus of the
urinary bladder and posteriorly to
the internal vertebral venous
plexus. Importance?
Lymph drainage:
Internal iliac lymph nodes. 20
 Hypertrophy of the Prostate
 Benign:
 Common after middle age.

 An enlarged prostate projects into the urinary

bladder and distorts the prostatic urethra.

 The middle lobe often enlarges and obstructs

the internal urethral orifice, this leads to

Nocturia, Dysuria, Frequency and Urgency.
 Malignant, (Prostatic carcinoma):

It is common after the age of 55.

The malignant prostate is felt hard & irregular in
Per- rectal examination (PR) .
The malignant cells metastasize first to internal
iliac & sacral lymph nodes (lymphatic spread).
Later to distant nodes , bone & brain through
(IVVP) –(venous spread).
It can cause obstruction to urine flow because of
its close relationship to the prostatic urethra. 21
 Prostatic
Urethra
Structures seen on the posterior wall of
the prostatic urethra:
Urethral crest:
 A longitudinal elevated ridge.

Prostatic sinus:
 A groove on each side of the crest.

 The prostatic gland opens

into the prostatic sinus.

Prostatic utricle :
 A depression on the summit of the
urethral crest.
 The ejaculatory ducts open on the
sides of the utricle.
 Seminal colliculus: a rounded
eminence that opens into the prostatic
utricle.

 22
 Bulboureth
ral or
Cooper’s
Gland
 Small paired
glands.
 Located at the
base of the penis.
 Secrete alkaline
mucus for:
Neutralization of
urinary acids &
 Lubrication.

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 Penis
 A Copulatory and
Excretory organ.
 Excretory:
CS CC
 Penile urethra
transmits urine &
seminal fluid.
 Copulatory:
 Has (3)
cylindrical
masses of erectile
tissue
 Two Corpora

Cavernosa
 One Corpus

Spongiosum 24
 Corpora
Cavernosa
Two superior
(right & left)
masses of
(Primary erectile
tissue).
They Provide the

majority of
rigidity & length
of penis.
Their posterior

expansions, forms
the 2 Crurae
(anchor” tissue)
against pelvic
bone
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 Corpus
Spongiosum
The single inferior
mass
(Secondary erectile
tissue)
It is traversed by the

penile urethra.
Its Anterior expansion

forms the Glans penis.

Its posterior

expansion forms the

bulb of the penis.
Prepuce or

foreskin:
Fold of skin covering

glans penis (before

circumcision) 26
THANK
YOU
&
GOOD
LUCK
27