TRANSPORT LAYER
:Submitted by
Ezaldeen sliman
:To
Dr.Mohamed abugalia
INTRODUCTION
This Layer breaks the information data,
supplied by Application layer in to smaller
units called segments. It numbers every byte
in the segment and maintains their
accounting.
This layer ensures that data must be received
in the same sequence in which it was sent.
This layer provides end-to-end delivery of
data between hosts which may or may not
belong to the same subnet.
The connection-oriented protocol is TCP. It does
almost everything. It makes connections and adds
reliability with retransmissions, along with flow
control and congestion control, all on behalf of
the
applications that use it. Since UDP is a transport
layer protocol that typically runs in the operating
system and protocols that use UDP typically run
in user s pace, these uses might be considered
applications.
What is UDP?
UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. It’s a
connectionless internet protocol whose main
function is to transmit data packets over a
network. A reliable user datagram protocol is a
connectionless protocol and does not require a
session before transmitting data. In addition,
UDP does not guarantee delivery or order of
messages or provide any error-checking
mechanism.
Applications of UDP:
Some applications that use UDP are:
Domain Name System (DNS) queries
Network Time Protocol (NTP) for time
synchronization
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for
network management
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to transfer files
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is also used in the
Apple Airplay protocol.
Used for broadcast and multicast type of network
transmission.
Advantages of UDP:
UDP protocol provides the following advantages:
Higher speed than TCP for specific
applications.
Less overhead than TCP because UDP is a
connectionless protocol.
It can run over a more fantastic range of
network conditions than TCP.
Useful for applications that do not require
reliable, ordered delivery of messages.
Relatively simple compared to TCP.
Disadvantages of UDP:
Little error control or guarantee of data
integrity.
There is no mechanism to ensure that the
source and destination ports match or
acknowledge a message received.
UDP is less reliable than TCP.
UDP does not support multicast transmission.
TCP provides better security features than
UDP
What is TCP?
The acronym TCP stands for Transmission
Control Protocol. It’s a connection-oriented
protocol, and its main function is to establish a
network transmission connection between two
devices before transmitting data. It guarantees
that packets are delivered to the destination
router with error checking to retrieve missing
data.
Applications of TCP:
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for transferring
files
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) for
secure web traffic
Secure Shell (SSH) is used to access a Linux
computer remotely.
Transmission Control Protocol provides
reliable communication for a wide variety of
applications.
TCP is the backbone protocol of the Internet.
Advantages of TCP
It is a broadly accepted model which can deploy effectively in all
the practical networking issues.
TCP can also enable cross-platform communications among the
heterogeneous networks.
It supports connection-oriented reliable service. It defines that it
maintains the transfer of data packets. If the data packet is missing
across the web, thus the TCP will retransmit the lost packets.
It removes the congestion by using a network congestion avoidance
algorithm that contains multiple procedures
It supports error disclosure by using checksum and error control by
Disadvantages of TCP:
TCP is complex to set up and maintain as
compared to the Internetwork Packet
Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)
or NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI).
Overhead. Due to its reliability features, TCP has
more overhead than UDP, which can sometimes
cause slower transmission speeds.
Latency. The method of delivery used by TCP
includes acknowledgments and retransmissions,
which can sometimes add latency that can affect
real-time applications.
Where TCP is Used?
Sending Emails
Transferring Files
Web Browsing
Where UDP is Used?
Gaming
Video Streaming
Online Video Chats
Here are the main differences between TCP
and UDP
UDP TCP Factor
No connection is Requires an established Connection type
needed to start and end connection before
a data transfer transmitting data
Cannot sequence or Can sequence data Data sequence
arrange data (send in a specific
order)
No data retransmitting. Can retransmit data if Data retransmission
Lost data can’t be packets fail to arrive
retrieved
Delivery is not Delivery is guaranteed Delivery
guaranteed
Minimal error-checking Thorough error- Check for errors
covers the basics but checking guarantees
may not prevent all data arrives in its
errors intended state
Supported Not supported Broadcasting
Fast, but at risk of Slow, but complete data Speed
incomplete data delivery
References:
www.avast.com
www.geeksforgeeks.org
www.castr.com
www.rlacollege.edu.in
