Python Modules
and Libraries
Understanding key concepts for beginners
What are Python
Modules?
Toolbox Functions
Contains pre-written code Reusable pieces of code
for specific tasks
Variables Classes
Store data for later use Templates for creating
objects
Module Example:
Math
1 Square Root 2 Trigonometry
Calculate square root of Sine, cosine, tangent
numbers functions
3 Logarithms
Compute logarithms of numbers
What are Python
Libraries?
Collection Domain-specific
Multiple related modules Focused on particular types
grouped together of tasks
Reusable
Can be used across different projects
Importing
Modules
1 Step 1
Use 'import' keyword
2 Step 2
Specify module name
3 Step 3
Access functions using dot notation
Math Module
Example
Import Use Result
import math math.sqrt(16) 4.0
Popular Python Libraries
datetime
Work with dates and times
os
Interact with operating system
sys
Python runtime environment functions
datetime Module
1 Current Date 2 Time
Get today's date Manipulation
Add or subtract time
periods
3 Formatting
Display dates in various formats
os Module
File Operations Directory Environment
Navigation Variables
Create, delete, rename files Change and list directories Access and modify system
variables
sys Module
1 Python Version 2 Command Line
Get installed Python Arguments
version Access script arguments
3 Exit Program
Terminate script execution
Pandas Library
Data Analysis Data
Powerful tools for analyzing Manipulation
Clean and transform data
datasets easily
Large Datasets
Handle big data efficiently
Pandas:
DataFrame
Structure Excel Operations
Table-like data structure with rows Similar to spreadsheet in Excel Perform various data operations
and columns easily
Pandas: Series
1 Definition 2 Analogy
One-dimensional labeled Like a single column in
array DataFrame
3 Usage
Store and manipulate single data type
Creating a
DataFrame
1 Step 1
Import pandas as pd
2 Step 2
Define data dictionary
3 Step 3
Use pd.DataFrame(data)
DataFrame
Example
Name Age City
Amit 25 Mumbai
Priya 30 Delhi
Rahul 22 Bangalore
Module vs
Library
Module Library
Single file with Python code Collection of multiple modules
Why Import
Modules?
1 Efficiency 2 Memory
Load only what's needed Reduce memory usage
3 Speed
Faster program execution
Built-in vs
External
Built-in External
Pre-installed with Python (e.g., math, datetime) Installed separately (e.g., Pandas)
Indian Analogy: Spice
Box
Turmeric
Math module
Cumin
Datetime module
Coriander
OS module
Spice Box Analogy
Explained
1 Spices 2 Specific Purpose 3 Ready to Use
Like Python modules Each spice serves unique No need to make from scratch
function
Indian Analogy:
Festivals
Diwali
Pandas library
Holi
Matplotlib library
Eid
NumPy library
Festival Analogy
Explained
1 Collection 2 Purpose
Each festival has multiple Festivals serve specific
rituals (modules) cultural needs
3 Variety
Different festivals for different occasions
Visualizing Modules and
Libraries
Python Library
Contains multiple modules
Modules
Math and datetime as examples
Functions
Specific tools within modules
Key Takeaways:
Modules
Definition Purpose
Files containing pre-written Perform specific tasks
code efficiently
Usage
Import and use as needed
Key Takeaways:
Libraries
Definition Scope
Collections of related Broader functionality than
modules single modules
Examples
Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib
Importing Best
Practices
1 Specific Imports 2 Alias
Import only what you Use short names for long
need module names
3 Organization
Group imports at the beginning of file
Common Beginner
Mistakes
Spelling Case Sensitivity
Incorrect module or function Python is case-sensitive
names
Missing Imports
Forgetting to import required modules
Learning
Resources
Documentation
Official Python and library docs
Tutorials
Online video courses and tutorials
Community
Forums and Q&A sites
Practice Projects
1 Calculator 2 File Organizer
Use math module to build Use os module to
calculator organize files
3 Data Analysis
Analyze CSV data with Pandas
Conclusion
Modules Libraries
Toolboxes for specific tasks Collections of related
modules
Power
Enhance Python's capabilities significantly
