LESSON 8: KINDS OF

RIGHTS AND DUTIES

RONQUILLO, AL THEA DANICA
CAMINADE, KEANNA
DOMATO, RAISAH
GENERAL
DIVISION
OF RIGHTS
 Rights

A man has a right to a thing, means that he

has a certain power over it. A right, then,
belongs to the moral order. It is an
inviolable moral power belonging to one
man, which, therefore, all other men are
bound to respect.
 In The subject The title
every
The person
right, possessing the
Or reason on which
the right is founded
four right
things
are to The term The matter
be taken into Including all those
or that to which the
who are bound to
account: respect the right subject has a right
 Rights are variously divided
into:

Connatur Perfect
al

Imperfec
t Inalienabl
Acquired e

Alienabl
e
 Connatural rights are those which are
inseparable from the nature of man as a
Connatural person. Such are the rights to life and
limb, to personal integrity, to liberty of
Rights action within just limits, to specific
equality as a member of the human
family.

Acquired rights come to a man in

virtue of his own exertions, or of acts
Acquired done by others in his favor; for example,
Rights rights to property, to franchise, to office,
are acquired rights.
Inalienable rights are those
which a man cannot renounce or
transfer to another, because Inalienable Right
they are necessary to the
attainment of his last end.

All other rights are called

alienable. “That all men are Alienable Rights
created equal; that they are
endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights; that
among them are life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness."
 Perfect or strict rights are of
Perfect such a kind that the corresponding
Rights duties are matters of commutative
justice.

Imperfect Imperfect rights are not so

definite; they are founded not on
Rights justice but on claims of gratitude or
of honor, or on some similar title.
A right possessed by one person involves,
on the part of another or of others, the
obligation to respect that right. This
obligation is called duty.

Every duty then supposes a corresponding

right, and every right a duty: right and duty
are correlative and inseparable.
 Distinction among Civil, Economic, Political, Social, & Cultural Rights

CIVIL RIGHTS ECONOMIC RIGHTS POLITICAL RIGHTS SOCIAL RIGHTS CULTURAL RIGHTS

Political rights enable

Civil rights protect
individuals to participate
individuals' freedoms and Cultural rights are human
actively in the political Social rights are human
ensure they can rights that protect the
Economic rights are process and governance rights that guarantee
participate in society ability of individuals and
human rights that of their country. They are access to basic needs
without discrimination or communities to express
allow people to live central to democracy, as and opportunities, and
repression. These rights themselves, access
with dignity and they allow citizens to are based on the
focus on equality and cultural resources, and
participate in society influence their principles of equality
fairness, especially in participate in cultural life
government and protect and fairness.
personal and social
the integrity of the
freedoms.
political system.
Examples: Access to EXAMPLES: The right to
Examples: Earn a fair quality public services, participate in cultural
Examples: Right to vote,
wage, receive equal access to education, life, the right to enjoy the
right to run for public
pay, access to health arts, the right to
Examples: Freedom of office, right
have adequate services, access to maintain, use, and
speech, freedom of to assemble and protest,
income protection if social protection, access develop languages, the
religion, right to privacy, and freedom of political
unemployed, sick or to housing, access to right to benefit from
right to equal treatment expression and
old, have an employment, the right scientific progress, the
GENERAL
DIVISION
OF
DUTIES
 DUTY
A moral or legal
obligation; a
responsibility.
 Natural Duties Imperfect
Duties

Duties to VARIOUS Positive

Others CLASSES Duties
OF DUTIES

Duties to Negative
Ourselves Duties

Duties to God
 Natural Duties Imperfect Duties
A moral obligation that a A type of duty that is not
person has to do what is legally enforceable, but is
right, regardless of any legal based on a person's
or contractual obligations. It conscience or moral
is also known as a moral beliefs.
duty.
Positive Duties
Refers to a legal obligation or
responsibility that requires a
person or entity to take
affirmative action to fulfill a
certain task or duty.
 Negative Duties Duties to Ourselves
refers to a moral when you take full
obligation not to harm accountability for your
or injure others. actions, decisions and
thoughts and more.

Duties to God Duties to Others

be obedient, to believe and to serve refer to the moral, ethical, or
the Lord with your whole heart. legal obligations that individuals
Religion - objectively considered, is have towards other people or
the sum total of all our duties to God. society as a whole.
 Importance of Duty
Builds character when we accept
our responsibilities and fulfill them,
we develop a sense of discipline and
accountability that shapes our
character. It helps us become more
reliable, trustworthy, and
dependable, making us better
individuals.
FREE
WILL
 Free Will in Philosophy:
Sam Harris Explains (3 Views)

When Harris argues that we don’t have free will,

his argument draws on a very specific definition
of free will. Harris characterize free will as a
state in which we’re conscious of, and have
control over, the processes that give rise to our
thoughts and decisions.
 View 1: Determinism
Determinism: External
factors not free will, drive
our behavior
Determinists believe that we
don’t have free will and that our
thoughts, desires, intentions,
and choices are determined by
events outside our control.
 View 2: Libertarianism
Libertarianism: External
.
factors affect, but don’t
determine our actions

Libertarians referring to the

philosophical view, not the political
philosophy of the same name, believe
that events are not predetermined and
that we do have free will.
 View 3: Compatibilism
Compatibilism: Compatibilists believe that we
External factors have free will and they also
cause our behavior, believe in determinism. That
but so does free means they accept free will
will and determinism as
compatible truths (unlike both
determinists and libertarians,
who believe that these two are
incompatible.
 Activity:

If you are in a room full of the

people you've loved, who would
you run to without hesitation?
 .

T H A NK
YO U !