ENDOGENIC PROCESSES
DEFINITION
en·do·gen·ic
ˌendōˈjenik/
Adjective GEOLOGY
Formed, located or occurring beneath the surface of the
earth.
WHAT IS ENDOGENIC
PROCESSES?
Endogenic Processes are geological processes
that occur beneath the surface of the Earth.
It is associated with energy originating in the
interior of the solid earth.
The ground we live on is moving all the time.
The Forces within the earth that cause the
ground to move are called ENDOGENIC
FORCES.
HOW DOES ENDOGENIC PROCESS
WORKS?
When the ground moves, Rock layers at the
surface of the earth are broken, twisted and
shaken.
Land is destroyed in many places and created in
other places.
When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces
we call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.
THE MAIN ENDOGENIC PROCESS
The Main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING
& FAULTING or Tectonic Movements.
They take place mainly along the plate boundaries,
which are the zones that are not stable.
Endogenic processes cause many major landform
features.
FOLDING
When two forces push towards each other from opposite
sides, the rock layers will bend into folds.
The process by which folds are formed are due to
compressional forces known as folding.
There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Large- scale
folds are found mainly along destructive plate boundaries.
ILLUSTRATION:
FOLDING
FOLDING
FAULTING
Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle
rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or
compression.
A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
The process of forming a fault is faulting.
The line of fault which appears on land surface is known
as fault line.
These lines are often lines of weakness which allow
molten rock to rise up onto the earth surface when there
is active volcanic activity nearby.
TYPES OF FAULTING
There are three types of fault which are caused
by different endogenic forces:
Normal fault (Divergence)
Reverse fault (Convergence)
Tear fault (Transform)
Faulting forms two major landforms - block
mountains and rift valleys.
ILLUSTRATION OF FAULTING
REVERSE FAULT
NORMAL FAULT
OTHER ENDOGENIC PROCESS
(SUBSEQUENT)
These are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to
the main ones.
Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
Metamorphism
Earthquake (Seismic Activity)
VOLCANISM
VOLCANISM or magmatism (also known as volcanic activity or
igneous activity)
Magma beneath the crust is under very great pressure. When
folding and faulting occur, cracks or fractures which are lines of
weakness are created.
When these lines of weakness develop downward in the crust
and reach the magma, they will release the pressure in the
magma.
This allows magma to rise up along the lines of weakness and
intrude into the crust. Some magma may even reach the
earth's surface and some don’t.
ILLUSTRATION OF VOLCANISM
There are two
types of Volcanism:
Intrusive
volcanism and
Extrusive
volcanism.
RESULT OF VOLCANISM
METAMORPHISM
Metamorphism is an endogenic process which
occurs when there is pressure and heat applied to
geologic structures which leads to the formation of
Metamorphic Rocks.
ILLUSTRATION OF
METAMORPHISM
RESULT OF METAMORPHISM
GRADING
METAMOPRH
IC ROCK
EARTHQUAKES
An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a sudden shaking or
vibration in the earth’s crust.
When plates suddenly move past each other, the built-up
strain is released along the fault, and the rock fractures.
An earthquake also can be triggered by molten rock moving
up into the chamber of a volcano before eruption.
ILLUSTRATION OF EARTHQUAKE
IMPORTANT DETAILS
Endogenic Processes are Processes that is formed or occurring
beneath the surface of the Earth.
The Main Endogenic Processes are Folding and Faulting (or
tectonic movements).
The Subsequent Endogenic Processes are Volcanism,
Metamorphism, and Earthquakes.
Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.
Endogenic processes have been responsible for shaping the earth’s
geologic structures and the formation of many of the most important
mineral resources.
