ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• is a complex network of glands and
organs.
• It uses hormones to control and
coordinate our body’s metabolism,
energy level, reproduction, growth and
development, and response to injury,
stress, and mood.
A. GLANDS AND ORGANS
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal Glands
• Pancreas
• Ovaries
THYROID GLAND
a small, butterfly-
shaped gland located in the
neck in front of the larynx and
trachea.
Secretes hormones to regulate:
• metabolic processes
• growth and development
PRODUCES 2 HORMONES
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4)
• active form of TH • inactive form of TH
• bind cells and creating • control the metabolic
metabolic responses. rate in our body
• maintain muscle control, • regulate how our body
brain function and uses food to transform
development, heart and into energy
digestive
DE-IODINATION
• A process when thyroid releases thyroxine
(T4) then certain organs in our body
transform it into triiodothyronine (T3) so
that it can impact our cells and our
metabolism.
THYROID
Needs IODINE to produce hormones
Thyroid hormone- is a major hormone that
regulates metabolism and for proper bone and brain
development during pregnancy and infancy.
Iodine- is a mineral or micronutrient we get from
fruits, vegetables, seafood and iodized salt.
Ex. Banana, strawberry, milk, Himalayan salt, egg,
fish, beans
PARATHYROID
• small pea-sized glands
located in the neck just
behind the thyroid.
• it controls and monitor
the amount of calcium
levels in our body
(blood/bone)
PRODUCE PARATHYROID HORMONE
(PTH)
• helps maintain the right balance of calcium in the
bloodstream and in tissues that depend on calcium for
proper functioning (bone health)
• most abundant mineral in our body (99% stored in bone
and teeth)
Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in
our blood by affecting the following parts of our
body:
• Bones: PTH stimulates the release of small amounts of
calcium from our bones into our bloodstream.
• Kidneys: PTH enables the production of active vitamin D
(calcitriol). PTH also signals your kidneys to retain calcium
in our body rather than flushing it out through our urine.
• Small intestine: PTH signals our small intestine to absorb
more calcium from the food you eat.
ADRENAL GLAND
• A triangle-shaped gland
on top of a kidney
• help control heart rate and
blood pressure
• regulate the fight-or-flight
stress response.
• produce hormones that
helps body control blood
sugar, burn protein and
fat, react to stressors like
a major illness or injury,
and regulate blood
pressure.
TWO MAIN PARTS
1. Adrenal medulla (inside)
Hormones:
• Adrenaline- respond to a stressful situation
• Non-adrenaline- increases alertness and focuses
attention.
TWO MAIN PARTS
2. Adrenal cortex (outside)- Androgens
bodily processes • testosterone, male
Hormones: hormones
• development of male sex
Aldosterone organs and secondary
• help kidneys control the sexual characteristics
amount of salt in the blood and Estrogen,
tissue of the body. • estradiol, female
Cortisol hormones
• development of female
• body’s stress response by sex organs and
increasing sugar levels in the secondary sexual
blood and providing the body characteristics
with energy during times of
PANCREAS
Produce hormones that help
regulate glucose levels in the
body
Two main functions:
Exocrine
• produces substances(enzyme)
that help with digestion
Endocrine
• sends out hormones that
control the amount of sugar in
our bloodstream.
2 HORMONES
Insulin Glucagon
• insulin-helps to lower • glucagon-helps the
blood sugar(diabetes) blood sugar rise( signals
the liver to release
stored glucose)
OVARIES
• Ovaries are small, oval-
shaped glands on either
side of our uterus(girls)
• it produce and store our
eggs(ovum) and make
hormones that control
menstrual cycle and
pregnancy
HORMONES
Estrogen Progesterone
• are vital to normal • supporting pregnancy
reproductive, fertility and • It thickens the uterine lining
menstrual cycle
• helps a fertilized egg grow
• repairing and thickening into an embryo and then a
the uterus lining, fetus
pregnancy and overall
fame health • helps develop milk-
producing glands in
preparation for
breastfeeding and plays a
