ON LINE CLASS

ON
SAFETY IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Mr. Praveen Badodia

Assistant Professor
IPS Academy Indore
Institute of Engineering and Science
Dept. of Fire Tech. and Safety Engg.
 UNIT- 03

Lecture No.

Basic fire safety

Fire Training Objective
Life Saving- Guest, Staff, Comfort and Safety.
Protect Property Equipment and Asset.
Evacuation
TRAINING CONTENTS
 CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
 CLASSES OF FIRE
 STAGES OF FIRE
 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
 FIRE RISKS AT HOME & OFFICES
 IN CASE OF FIRE
 USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
 FIRE
Definition:
Fire is an exothermic combustion
reaction which liberates large
amounts of heat, smoke & light as
main products of combustion
 What is F IRE?

-Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.

Need all three components to start

a fire.

Fire extinguishers remove one

or more of the components.

6
The “Fire Triangle” identifies the three components of any Fire:

–Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical

equipment,
etc...
–Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion. Often
referred to as the ignition source.
–Oxidizer (air)

IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE

CANNOT CONTINUE.

7
The Combustion Process
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
(NEW CONCEPT)

FUEL

TEMPERATURE

8
Types of

Fire Class Fire Type Materials involved

A General Wood, paper, cloth, trash etc…

Flammable Flammable solvents, liquids, Oils,

B Liquids Greases, Paints etc…

1. Electrical
Energized electrical equipment
C 2. Flammable
and All flammable gases
Gases

Water reactive Chemicals,

D D Metals
Combustible metals etc…

9
Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, carpets, trash, plastics
Solid combustible materials that are not metals. (Class A fires generally leave an Ash.)

Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, petrol, diesel, grease,

acetone Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire. This classification also includes flammable
gases.(Class B fires generally involve materials that Boil or Bubble.)

Class C – Flammable Gases: Methane, Propane

or your Domestic LPG Gas cylinders, it would be considered a class C fire.

Class D - Metals: potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium

Unless you work in a laboratory or in an industry that uses these materials, it is unlikely you'll have
to deal with a Class D fire. It takes special extinguishing agents (Metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire

Class E – Electrical Started Fire

 Stages of Fire
Initial Stage Blaze Stage
(Over 10 Minutes)
(0 Seconds to 10
Minutes)

TIME FACTOR

Incipient Stage Blaze Stage

Class A 0 -10 Minutes Over 10 Minutes

Class B 0 -1 Minutes Over 1 Minute

Class C 0 - 30 Seconds Over 30 Seconds

Class E Leads To a Fire in Another Class of Fire

FIRE FIGHTING METHODS

STARVATION Elimination of Fuel

SMOTHERING Limitation of
Oxygen
COOLING Removal of
Temperature
CHEMICAL CHAIN INHIBITION Cutting of
continuous
Free radical
Formation
FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
WATE
R
COOLING - One gallon absorbs 9000BTU of
Heat

SMOTHERING

DILUTION

EMULSIFICATIO
 Common Causes of Fire
• Carelessness:
* Disposal of cigarette butts in a trash bag.
• Smoking in bed at night.
• Leaving cigarettes burning in ash trays.
• Gas Stoves, Electric heaters left switched on and
unattended.
• Hazardous storage of flammable materials.
• Cables and wires under carpets.
• Broken wiring, Leakage in electric wire
• Faulty electric switch
• Electrical appliances left switched on

Ignorance: Inadequate fire prevention Knowledge

Accident : Electrical Short circuits etc.
Sabotage:
Possible Fire Risk in Office Premises
 Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

 Mal function of appliances leading to electrical fire

 Carelessly discarded cigarette butts

 Overheating of electrical appliances – Electric Stove,

Oven

 Malfunction of AC Plant

 LPG leakage

 Photocopier toner

 UPS and EPABX battery

Possible Fire Risk in Residences
 Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

 Mal function of appliances leading to fire

 Carelessly discarded cigarette butts, aggarbatti

 Overheating of electrical appliances

 Malfunction of Air conditioners

 LPG leakage, overheating of geysers

 Storage of inflammable / combustible goods

 Small mishaps in kitchens due to cooking OIL overheated

 How to act in the event of Fire
Person Discovering Fire please remain calm and do the following:
• Call your emergency number IMMEDIATELY. state your name and give the exact
location of the fire. If a phone is not available, press and activate the nearest
fire alarm.
* If it is safe to do so, remain at the fire spot to direct the floor and use available
means to extinguish or contain the fire.
* DO NOT ENTER A SMOKE FILLED AREA ALONE, or without protection.
* NEVER LET A FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND THE WAY OUT/ EXIT.
* If you are notified of a fire, check with your immediate supervisor.
* Always remain calm, Do not shout Fire… Fire….
• If it is necessary to leave the building, follow the exit signs, DO NOT use
elevator.
• If fire is out of control then call fire brigade number.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

Fire Alarm & Smoke Detection system

Heat / Gas Leak Detector

Fire Extinguishers – Portable type

 Fire Protection System:

• Smoke / Heat Detectors

• Break Glass Stations (Raising Alarm)
• Fire Hose Reels
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Exit Doors
• Fire panel board (in Control Room)
• Drencher System.
• Sprinkler System.
 FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is always better than Control. To pre prevent
the Fire accidents we have to eliminate the common Fire
Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.
Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.
Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts & conditions.
 FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)
Fire can be prevented by considering the following issues:
Flame proof equipment
Good housekeeping
Proper Ventilation
Anti Static measures
Personnel awareness
Work procedures
Safe work practices
Right tools
 Remember the Following
1. Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e.
The fires are in the incipient stage.

2. Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work

place personnel, who had aware in its handling.

3. If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting),

they can control the fire by using Fire hydrant / Other
appropriate measures.

4. All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness

and emergency evacuation plans.
FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
SAND
Absorbs
Fuel
Smothers
BLANKETING
Jackets
Asbestos
Blankets BEATING OUT
Fire Beaters
 FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
Decomposing and releasing CO2
Smothering
Cutting chain reaction
Heat absorption by powder
Example : Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium bicarbonate,
Urea based potassium bicarbonate, Mono
Ammonium phosphate..
Different Kinds of Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire extinguishers:
– All Purpose Water
– Carbon Dioxide
– Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
– Dry Powder

Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use

All Purpose Water

• Use on CLASS A fires

• Pressurized water

• Pressure gauge
present
Carbon Dioxide

• Use on CLASS B and

CLASS C fires
• Hard, plastic nozzle
• No pressure gauge
Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical

• Use on CLASS A, CLASS

B, and CLASS C fires
• Fine powder under
pressure
• Pressure gauge
present
 Fire Extinguishers - Foam

• Cream body (Old type) or Red Body

with Cream label
• Suitable for Class A and B Fires.
• Not suitable for use on fires
involving electricity
• Extinguishes by cooling and sealing
the surface of a burning liquid
 Fire Extinguishers - Powder

• Blue body (Old type) or Red

body with blue label.
• Best on Class B fires but safe to
use on any type of fire.
• Works by chemically interfering
with the combustion reaction
 Fire Extinguishers -Carbon Dioxide

• Black body (Old type) or red body with

black label (New type)
• Best on Class B and C fires but safe to
use on any type of fire
• Safe to use on fires involving electricity
• Extinguishes by reducing oxygen levels
and cooling
 Fire Extinguishers - Blanket
• Any colour body or label but they
are usually red or white
• For use on any type of fire but best
on small contained class B fires and
people on fire.
• Extinguishes by asphyxiating
• Types of fire Extinguisher:
1) Water type
2) CO2 type
3) Dry chemical Powder type
4) water with foam type
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
DISCHARGE LEVER extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYIN

AND SEAL G
HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
35
Parts of a Fire Extinguisher

Extinguisher- Dry chemical powder

Parts of a Fire Extinguisher
Parts of a Fire Extinguisher

CO2 Fire Extinguisher

Different Kinds of Fire Extinguishers

The 4 most common fire

extinguishers:
 Water Type
 Mechanical Foam
 Dry Chemical
Powder
 Carbon Dioxide

Each kind of extinguisher has a

specific use
 Applications of Fire Extinguishers

Fire Class
Suitability of Extinguishers
Water M/F ABC DCP CO2 Sand
Class A    - - -

Class B      -

Class C      -

Class D    (Spl.  
Grade)

Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

 Fire Extinguisher Summary
EXTINGUISHER WORKS AS EFFECTIVE AGAINST

PRESSURIZED WATER COOLING

MECHANICAL FOAM BLANKETING

DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER SMOTHERING

CARBON DIOXIDE SMOTHERING

DRY SAND BLANKETING D

P.A.S.S. Method

Pull the pin

This will allow you to
squeeze the handle in
order to discharge the
extinguisher
P.A.S.S. Method
Aim at the base
of the fire

Aiming at the middle

will do no good.
The agent will pass
through the
flames.
P.A.S.S. Method

Squeeze the
handle

This will release the

pressurized
extinguishing agent
P.A.S.S. Method
Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that is on fire.
Continue until fire is
extinguished.
Keep an eye on the area for
re-lighting.
 How to use a Fire Extinguisher
Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher -
P.A.S.S.

Pull the pin.

Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the
fire.
 Major Fires
Fire Hydrant System
- Pressure in the System: 7.0 Kg/Cm2
- Water Reservoir Capacity: 2 times than pump
capacity
- Main Pump: 273 m3/Hr
- Diesel Engine Pump (Stand by): 273 m3/Hr
- Jokey Pump: 10 m3/Hr
# Single Hydrants,
# Water monitors,
# Water Sprinklers,
# Mobile Foam
Monitors # Different
nozzles
 Major Fires (Contd.)

Fire Suppression System

- FM 200 (or) Carbon

dioxide
- DCP flooding system
- Water Sprinklers
- Foam spray system
etc...
 Major Fires (Contd.)

Mutual aid/ External Help

- Fire Tenders
- External Agencies
- External Experts
- Regulatory Authorities
etc...
 FLASH POINT

Lowest temperature at
which a liquid produce
enough vapour to give a
momentary flash by an
ignition source.
Flash point temperature
vary with each flammable or
combustible liquid.
 FIRE POINT
Lowest temperature at which vapour are fast
enough to support afire
 CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
ACCORDING TO FLASH POINT
CLASS – A :- Include those with flash point less than 23oC
CLASS – B :- Include those with flash
point between 23oC and 65oC
CLASS – C :- Include those with flash point between 65oC
and 93oC

EXCLUDED Includes those with flash point

PETROLEUM :- above 93oC
PRODUCTS
 PROPERTISE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Sl. PRODUCT NAME AUTO FLASH EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

IGNITION VOL% IN AIR
No TEMP 0C POINT
LEL LEL

1 LPG ------ -60 1.9 9.0

2 NAPHTHA 287.7 -35 1.10 6.0
3 GASOLENE 257 -43 1.3 6.0
4 BENZENE 580 -11.1 1.3 7.1
5 TOLUNE 508 4.4 1.27 7.0
6 KEROSENE 254 35 0.7 5.0
7 ATF ------ 38 ------ ------
8 JP5 246 60 0.6 4.6
9 DIESEL 256.6 32 0.7 5.0
10 LSHS ------ 100 ------ ------
11 FO 407 66 ------ ------
12 ASPHALT 485 150 Not pertinent Not pertinent
13 CRUDE OIL ------ <19 ------ ------
Response at Fire situation

Indoor Fire Outdoor Fire

X
AIR

X
FUEL
X F XU
AIR EL

IGNITION IGNITION
 Fire Emergency Response
Remember to RACE during a fire

R Rescue – rescue clients in immediate

danger.

Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial
emergency phone number.

A Contain – Close all doors and windows.

C Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires, evacuate

clients, if appropriate.
 IN CASE OF FIRE
Do’s
RAISE AN ALARM
(Normally by operating a break glass call point)
Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher to put of FIRE
Leave the room, closing door behind you, using
the nearest FIRE EXIT
Use the STAIRS an move towards the ground
Floor
Report to the Fire warden at the pre destined
Assembly Point at least 15 feet away from
the building Inform the Fire Brigade
IN CASE OF FIRE
Don’ts

DO NOT PANIC

Don’t try to use an Extinguisher if you do not know !!!

Do not use any Electrical / Electronic Equipments

Do not congest towards ONE EXIT only, use alternate

EXIT

Do Not use LIFTS / Escalators etc…

Do not Re-enter the building

 Firefighting Decision Criteria

 Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.

 Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.
 Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
 Avoid smoky conditions.
 Ensure area is evacuated.
 Don’t attempt to fight unless:
 Alarm is sounded.
 Fire is small and contained.
 You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire).
 Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.
 Evacuate! If in doubt.
 Most Fire Deaths are NOT BurnVictims!

Causes of Death in Fires -

SMOKE
 Hydrogen cyanide
 Hydro cyanic acid
 Carbon monoxide
 Other toxic vapors

 Trauma (non-burn)
 Most Important

 Only fight a fire in the incipient stage

 NEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply:

- Don’t have the proper extinguisher or
equipment.
- Fire has spread beyond its point of origin.
- Your instincts tell you GET OUT

 When NOT to Fight FIRE?

- Remember to keep an exit to your back.
Classes of Fire - BS EN 2
• A - Free burning materials, paper, wood, plastics etc.
• B - Flammable liquids, petrol, meths, solvents etc.
• C - Flammable gases, methane, hydrogen etc.
• D - Metals, potassium, sodium, magnesium etc.
• F - Cooking fats
• Electricity can be involved in any class of fire
 Fire Prevention
• Be mindful of Fire Safety
• Don’t block fire exits, call
points or extinguishers
• No smoking policy
• Take care when cooking
• Observe good security
• Don’t wedge Fire Doors open
Fire Procedure - Fire Alarm
• Leave the building
immediately
• Use the nearest exit
• Walk quickly but don’t run
closing doors behind you
• Do not delay your exit to
collect your belongings
• Attend the Fire Assembly Point
and report to the Fire Warden
 Fighting a Fire -
Do not fight the fire if : -
• It is bigger than a waste paper
bin
• One extinguisher is not
enough
• Smoke is affecting your
breathing
• You cannot see the way out
• Gas cylinders or chemicals
• Fire Eats Oxygen
– Oxygen makes up about 21% of the air
we breathe
– We need that 21% to survive
– Anything less can harm our bodies
– The more a fire grows, the more oxygen
it takes and the less we have
 2
5
21% Normal
Conditions

2 17% Some muscle

0 impairment-
increased breathing

1
12% Dizziness,
5
Oxygen in Air

headache, fatigue
(percent)

9% Unconsciousness
1
0

5 6% Death within a
few minutes

0
• Why do people die in fires?
– Most deaths and injuries are not caused by the
flames
• excessive heat
– temperatures can reach 500 degrees in
less than three minutes
• inhaling the smoke
• lack of oxygen (suffocation)
 Temperatures

0
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

50
po s s
. h e at
s t ro k
e
49 m
i n . to
l e ra n
ce

ra pi d
ski n
bu r n
s
2 0 -m
i n . to
l e ra n
ce
di ff.
bre a
th ing
- no
se
di ff.
bre a
th ing
- mo
u th
te m p

Effects of Heat
. lim
i t fo r
e s ca
pe
ra pi d
u n be
a ra b
le sk
i n ..
.
LT 4
minu
te t o l
e ra n
ce
re s p
. sys
te m
th re s h
ol d
• Most people who die in fires don’t die
from the flames
• They die from lack of oxygen (suffocation)
– fire eats all of the oxygen
– the bigger the fire - the more oxygen it
takes from us
• They die from the heat
– fire gets very hot, very quickly
– the more fuel a fire has, the hotter it
gets
• They die from breathing the smoke
– things that burn cause toxic (poison)
smoke
» furniture
» carpeting
» wallpaper
• there are three degrees of burns

--First Degree
• causes redness of the skin and is the least
serious
– Second Degree
• causes red, blistered skin
– Third Degree
• worst burn and causes white or charred skin
• It is important to treat your burn correctly, no
matter what degree it is
 Cool the burned area with cool water for at
least 10 minutes
 Seek medical treatment, if
necessary

 Never put butter or

ice on your burn
– the doctor will give you something if
needed
• there are 6 different types of burns

– scald - caused by hot water, steam or food

or liquids

– flame - caused when clothing ignites from

heat or open flame sources
• there are 6 different types of burns
– Electrical - caused by frayed electrical cords,
electrical outlets or high tension wires
• there are 6 different types of burns
– Contact - caused by touching hot surfaces
– Chemical - caused by bleach, cleaner or other
drain household cleaning products
• Stop where you
are
• NEVER RUN!
• Drop to the ground, cover your
face with your hands, and

• Roll back and forth until the flames are

out.
• If the fire is on your sleeves, put your arms at your
sides and roll over and over until the fire is out
• If you are with someone who catches on fire, tell
them not to run, and help them put the fire out
by rolling them on the ground or using blankets or
water to put out the fire.
• When our smoke alarm sounds, we should GET
OUT and STAY OUT. If there is smoke, we should
crawl low under the smoke until we are outside.
• Every house should have at least one smoke
alarm on their ceiling. It can tell us
if there is smoke in our house, even before we
can smell it.
• Before opening any doors, we should feel them
with the back of our hand. If it feels hot, we
should use our second exit.
• we leave our house, we should remember to
close the doors behind us to help slow the
spread of smoke and give us more time to
escape.
• Sometimes the exit signs might not be red - but it
means the same thing.
• Look for exit signs in our school, and public
buildings like restaurants, theaters, malls and
hotels.
• And sometimes the exit sign may have an arrow on it - leading us to
another exit to the outsid

e.
• we should never pull a fire alarm unless
there really is a fire.
 Exit Route
• A continuous and
unobstructed path of exit
travel from any point within
a workplace to a place of
safety (including refuge
areas)
• Consists of three parts:
– Exit access
– Exit
– Exit discharge
90
 Exit Routes Basic Requirements

• Exit routes must be

permanent and there must be
enough exits in the proper
arrangement for quick escape
• Exits must be separated by
fire-resistant materials
• Openings into an exit must be
limited to those necessary to
allow access to

91
 Exit Discharge

• Each exit discharge must lead

directly outside or to a street,
walkway, refuge area, public way, or
open space with access to the
outside that is large enough to
accommodate all building
occupants likely to use the exit
route
• Exit stairs that continue beyond the
level on which the exit discharge is
located must be
92
 Exit Doors Must Be Unlocked
• Must be able to open from the
inside at all times without keys,
tools, or special knowledge
• Device such as a panic bar that
locks only from the outside is
permitted
• Must be free of any device or
alarm that could restrict
emergency use if the device
Locked and
blocked
exit
93
Exit Route Capacity and Dimensions
• Must support the maximum permitted
occupant load for each floor served
• Capacity must not decrease in the direction of exit
route travel to the exit discharge
• Ceiling must be at least 7-½ ft. high with no
projection reaching a point less than 6 ft.-8 in. from
floor
• An exit access must be at least 28 in. wide at all Point

95
 Minimize Danger to Employees
• Exit routes must be free and
unobstructed
• Keep exit routes free of
explosive or highly
flammable materials
• Arrange exit routes so that
employees will not have to
travel toward a high hazard
area, unless it is effectively
shielded Obstructed exit route
• Emergency safeguards (e.g.,
96
 Exit Marking

• Each exit must be clearly

visible and marked with an
“Exit” sign
• Each exit route door must be
free of decorations or signs
that obscure the visibility of
the door

97
 Exit Marking (cont’d)

• If the direction of travel to

the exit or exit discharge is
not immediately apparent,
signs must be posted along
the exit access indicating
direction to the nearest exit
• The line-of-sight to an exit
sign must clearly be

98
 Exit Marking (cont’d)

Each doorway or passage

along an exit access that
could be mistaken for an exit
must be marked “Not an
Exit” or similar designation,
or be identified by a sign
indicating its actual use (e.g.,
closet).

99
 Emergency Action Plan
• Describes actions that
must be taken to ensure
employee safety in
emergencies
• Includes floor plans or
maps which show
emergency escape
routes
• Tells employees what
actions to take in
emergency situations
• Covers reasonably 100
 Fire Prevention Plan
The plan must include:
• A list of the major fire hazards and handling,
storage, and control procedures
• Names or job titles of persons responsible for
maintenance of equipment and systems to
prevent or control ignitions or fires
• Names or job titles of persons responsible
for control of fuel source hazards
• Training for all employees who have
responsibilities in the plan

101
Portable Fire Extinguishers
If portable fire extinguishers
are provided for employee
use, the employer must
mount, locate and identify
them so workers can access
them without subjecting
themselves to possible
injury.
B
l
o
c
k
e 102
 Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Must maintain in a fully charged and
operable condition
• Must keep in their designated places at
all times except during use
• Must conduct an annual
maintenance check
• Must record the annual maintenance
date and retain this record for one
year after

103
 Portable Fire Extinguisher Training and
Education
• Where portable fire extinguishers have
been provided for employee use in the
workplace, employees must be
provided with an educational program
on the:
– General principles of fire extinguisher
use
– Hazards of incipient (beginning) stage
fire fighting
• Employees designated to use
extinguishers must receive instruction
and hands-on practice in the
operation of equipment

104
 Common mistake in any Household
This could be a common mistake in any
household. This is shocking accident happened
on 13th May 2012 in Pune. A housewife died due
to burns sustained in the kitchen. Her husband
too was hospitalized for injuries due to burns
while trying to rescue his wife. How it
happened?-The gas stove was on and cooking
under process. The lady observed some
cockroaches near the sink and grabbed a can of
insect killer and sprayed it near the gas stove,
which was on. There was an explosion and in no
time the poor woman was covered in flames,
sustaining 65% burns. Her husband rushed in,
tried to douse the flames and his clothes too
caught fire. The husband is still in hospital, in the
burns ward, still unaware that his wife was
declared dead on arrival.
Let us understand:- All insect killer sprays such as "Hit", "Mortein" etc. have
highly volatile and inflammable solvents. The atomized Nano spray particles
spread extremely rapidly and one spark is enough to ignite this explosive
mixture with oxygen present in air. Did the poor lady realize the hazard
involved? Apparently not!
Please educate your family about this and spread the word around.... who
knows you may save more than a life....
all pressurized containers like body spray, insect or mosquito killer and all
such like containers are highly inflammable. please read instructions and
warnings carefully before using any product . Whether it is anything ...read
the given label nd information on the product packet

This is being used in all spray like insect sprays, Deodorants, perfumes, air
fresheners Etc. these thing cause fire like LPG must be used with caution
and away from any source of ignitions
like electrical switches, or any naked fire.