GOVT.
COLLEGE OF NURSING &
PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES, DEWAN
BAGH, SGR.
Topic:- BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Subject:- COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING – II
Name of Student-Teacher:- ZAIKA
PARVAIZ
Roll No.:- 35
Student of:- B.Sc.(N) 4th Year (Batch 2019)
Name of Evaluator: -
CONTENTS
Introduction
Definition of BMW
Classification of health-care waste
Sources of health-care waste
Diseases spread through infectious
waste
Categories of BMW
Bio-medical waste management
Personal protection
Importance of BMW management
Role of nurse
INTRODUCTION
The waste produced in the
course of health-care activities
carries a higher potential for
infection and injury than any other
type of waste. Therefore, it is
essential to have safe and reliable
method of its handling.
Appropriate management of
health-care waste is thus a crucial
component of environmental
health protection, and it should
DEFINITION
According to Bio-Medical Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 1998,
“Bio-medical waste means any waste,
which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human-beings
or animals, or in research activities
pertaining thereto or in the production or
testing of biologicals, and including
categories mentioned in the Schedule-I of
the Biomedical Waste Rules, 1998.”
Between 75-90% of the waste produced
by the health-care providers is general
health care waste, comparable to domestic
waste.
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH-
CARE WASTE
SOURCES OF HEALTH-CARE
WASTE
Govt. hospitals
Private hospitals
Nursing homes
Dispensaries
Primary health centres
Mortuaries
Blood banks
Laboratories
Vaccinating centres
Bio-technology institutions
Research organisations
Diseases Spread Through
Infectious Waste
Pathogens select different
routes to enter the human
body, such as:
Through a puncture, abrasion
or a cut in the skin (HIV, HBV,
HCV)
Through the mucous
membranes (Anthrax, skin
infections)
Categories of Bio-Medical Waste
Categories Waste description Components
Category 1 Human anatomical waste Human tissues, organs and body
parts
Category 2 Animal waste Animal tissues, organs, body
parts, and experimental animals
used in research
Category 3 Microbiology and Waste from lab cultures, vaccine
biotechnology waste wastes
Category 4 Waste sharps Needles, syringes, scalpels,
blades, glass
Category 5 Discards medicines and Outdated and discarded
cytotoxic drugs medicines
Category 6 Soiled waste Soiled cotton dressings, plaster
casts, linens, beddings
Category 7 Solid waste IV sets, catheters
Category 8 Liquid waste Household phenyl solution,
bleaching powder solution
Category 9 Incineration ash Ash from incineration of any
BMW
Category Chemical waste Chemicals used in
Bio-Medical Waste Management
Biomedical waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1998, prescribed
by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, GOI, came into force on 28th
July, 1998. This rule applies to those
who generate, collect, receive, store,
dispose, treat or handle biomedical
waste in any manner.
Segregation of Waste
Collection of biomedical waste
Items sent to incinerator/deep
burial (Cat. 1, 2, 3 and 6) – yellow
coloured bags.
Biomedical waste to be sent for
microwave/autoclave treatment (Cat.
3, 6 and 7) – red coloured bags.
Waste sent to shredder after
autoclaving/microwaving/chemical
treatment-packed in
blue/white/translucent bag.
LABELLING
All the bags must be labeled with
Biohazard or Cytotoxic symbols
according to the rules.
BAGS
The waste bags are filled up to
three-fourth capacity.
Cat. 4, 7, 8 and 10 should be
removed from the site of generation
only after pre-treatment.
Storage of Waste
No untreated bio-medical waste shall
be kept stored beyond a period of 48
hours.
Transportation of Waste
Avoid the passage of waste through
patient- care areas.
Assign different timings for
transporting general waste and
biomedical waste.
Treatment of Hospital Waste
Incineration:
Chlorinated plastic bags should not be incinerated.
Autoclave and microwave treatment
(Cat. 3, 4, 6 and 7)
Shredding:
oThe plastics and sharps should be shredded after
chemical treatment.
oNeedle destroyers can be used for disposal of
needles directly without chemical treatment.
Secured Landfill (Cat. 5, 9 and 10)
Liquid (Cat. 8) and Chemical (Cat. 10)
Waste:
These are generated mainly from laboratories.
Treat with 1% hypochlorite solution before
disposal.
Deep Burial:
The cities having < 5 lakhs population can go
for deep burial for wastes under Cat. 1 and 2.
oDig a pit of 2m depth.
oStart filling the waste to its half.
oCover it with lime for 50cm surface.
oFill the rest of the pit with soil.
oCover it with wire meshes.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
•Heavy duty rubber gloves
•Masks
•Protective glasses
•Plastic aprons
•Special footwear
•Immunization
(Hepatitis B, Tetanus)
Importance of Biomedical
Waste Management
• Increases safety to employees.
• Reduces sharp injuries.
• Reduces risk of blood- borne pathogens.
• Provides safe and hygienic environment.
• Prevents spread of infection.
• Reduces hospital acquired infection.
Nurse's Role and Responsibility
in
Biomedical Waste
Management
o Disinfect the waste.
o Reduce the waste.
o Reduce requirement for storage and
transportation.
o Monitor segregation of waste.
o Prevent illegal packing and reuse.
SUMMARY
Introduction
Definition of BMW
Classification of health-care waste
Sources of health-care waste
Diseases spread through infectious waste
Categories of BMW
Bio-medical waste management
Personal protection
Importance of BMW management
Role of nurse
CONCLUSION
Medical wastes should be classified
according to their source and risk factors
associated with their handling, storage and
ultimate disposal.
The segregation of waste at source is
the key step.
Proper disposal of the waste is the most
crucial step.
If we want to protect the environment
and health of our community, we must
sensitize ourselves to this important issue
not only in the interest of health managers
but also in the interest of community.
References
1) Manivannan Shyamala D., “Textbook of
Community Health Nursing-II for B.Sc. Nursing
Students”, 1st edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributors Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2018; Page No. =
132-135.
2) Park K., “Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine”, 25th edition, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot
Publishers, Jabalpur, 2019; Page No. = 849-854.
3) https://www.slideshare.net/peddanasunilkumar/
biomedical-waste-managementppt
4) https://www.slideshare.net/binuenchappanal/bio
-medical-waste-management-248832544
5) https://www.medilogbiohealth.com/2023/03/role
-of-nurse-in-bmw-management.html
