CHAPTER 1

ENGINEERING
PROFESSION

FB10104_BASIC OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION
Engineering has evolved and developed as practical art and a
profession over more than 50 centuries. Historical studies of
engineering teach people respect for the past and its
achievement.
The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as
humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley,
lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with
the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic
mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

(ABET) defines engineering as “the profession in which a
knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained
by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and
forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”

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 ENGINEERING REVOLUTION
• Earliest practical wind-
powered machines,
windmill and wind pump.
• Earliest practical steam-
powered machine, steam • Development of
jack, steam turbine specialized machines

Simple Machine
• First steam engine
• Lever
• Wheel and axle was built
• Pulley • Industrial revolution
• Inclined Plane
• Wedge
• Screw

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 WAVES OF INNOVATION

Source: Wall, K. (2010). Engineering: issues, challenges and opportunities for development. UNESCO.
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 DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING
Engineering is a branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building,
and use of engines, machines and structures.
(Oxford Dictionary)

Engineering is an art or science of making practical application of the knowledge

of pure sciences, as physics or chemistry, as in the construction of engines,
bridges, buildings, mines, ships and chemical plants.
([Link] dictionary)

Engineering is the application of science to the common purpose of life.

(Count Rumford)

Engineering encompasses science and art, mathematics and creativity, models and
approximations in solving real-world problems.
(John Hopkins University)

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 DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING
From all these definitions, engineering contents can be further broken down into
numerous details.

Engineering is
Engineering is an an art Engineering is an
invention and design approximation
processes

ENGINEERIN Engineering is
measurement,
Engineering is a G estimation, forecast
finance and projection

Engineering is a Engineering is about

communication, technical modeling and
report writing and computer simulation
presentation.

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 DISCIPLINE of ENGINEERING
Engineering is divided into many disciplines/ specialties/
expertise..
 Aeronautical/Aerospace  Industrial Engineering
Engineering  Manufacturing Engineering
 Agricultural and Biological  Materials Engineering
Engineering  Mechanical Engineering
 Biomedical Engineering  Metallurgical Engineering
 Chemical Engineering  Nuclear Engineering
 Civil Engineering  Marine and Ocean Engineering
 Computer Engineering  Software Engineering
 Electric & Electronic Engineering  Structural Engineering
 Environmental Engineering  Transportation Engineering
 HVAC Engineering
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 MALAYSIA Engineering DEVELOPMENT

1980 – Manufacturing
1983 – 1985 -
(World Largest
PROTON (First PENANG
Semiconductor
National Car) BRIGE
Manufacturer)

1995 – Sunway
1991 – KL Lagoon 1995 –
TOWER Suspension Putrajaya
Bridge

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 MALAYSIA Engineering DEVELOPMENT

1998 – 1999 – 1999-

National SEPANG PETRONAS
Stadium Bukit INTERNATION TWIN TOWER
Jalil AL CIRCUIT

2000 – 2006 – 2010 – ZEO

PUTRA/ LRT ISKANDAR Building

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MALAYSIA Engineering DEVELOPMENT

2010 – ETS 2016 – MRT

2018- RAPID 2019 – DRAW

PETRONAS BRIDGE

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 Who is ENGINEER?
The word of “Engineer” comes from Latin word “Ingeniare”, meaning “to contrive”, “invent” or “devise” and
Latin word “Ingenium”, meaning “cleverness”.

A person who has engineering qualification and practices engineering

A person who were trained in the design, construction, and use of engines
or machines, or in any of various branches of engineering.
A person who operates or in charge of a power plant system in term of
operation, repair and maintenance.

A consultant in their respective area of expertise.

A skillful manager who manages the implementation of the engineering

related.

An applier of science and technology for the benefit of humankind

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ENGINEER - Characteristics
Engineer requires sophisticated and specialized skills.

They expert in a particular area of activity which requires a high level of

theoretical foundation.
They mastered in a clearly definable and valuable body of knowledge and
understanding.
They accept responsibility and accountability for the decisions they make
against standard conduct and values.

They apply appropriate theoretical and practical methods to the analysis

and solution of engineering problems.
They provide technical, commercial and managerial leadership.
They create useful products and systems through design and manufacturing/
construction for the benefit of humankind.
They apply creativity - playing with imagination and possibilities, leading to
new and meaningful connections and outcomes.
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 ROLES of ENGINEER
• Engineer plays a key role in “supporting the growth and development of a
country's economy as well as in improving the quality of life for citizens”.
• Developed countries like South Korea and Singapore have been investing
heavily in engineering education because they see quality engineers as the
wealth of the nation.
• To be competitive and enable the transition to K-economy (knowledge
economy), Malaysia needs to have engineers who are capable of doing
research, design and product development.

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 ROLES of ENGINEER
1. Engineers encompass science and art, mathematics and creativity, models and
approximations in solving real-world problems.
2. Engineers integrate their technical knowledge and training to create structures,
products, and processes that are of value to the organization and its customers.

3. Engineers are professionals, they must uphold a standards that their profession has
decide, to guide the use of their technical knowledge.
4. Engineers may often be expected to give advice, even in decisions properly made by
managers. Management decisions can often benefit from the advice of engineers.

5. Engineers are problem solvers who search for quicker, better, less expensive ways to
meet tough challenges.

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 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
• An engineer delegates certain roles and responsibilities which include the issuing of instructions,
directions, orders, and the giving of information necessary for the construction of the works to proceed.

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 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
• Engineers play an important role inside
organizations, contributing their technical
experience and problem-solving ability to
promote growth and success.
• Engineers are valuable assets in many
different industries, and they have unique
roles that are vital to the organization's
success and efficient operation.
• Engineers have many different types of job scope to choose from, including
research, design, analysis, development, testing, and sales positions.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
The following are the main roles and responsibilities of
engineers in an organizational setting:
1. Technical Expertise and Innovation
o Engineers are chosen because of their specialized training and
abilities.
o They are in charge of supplying technical know-how and
creative answers to problems so that the organization may
continuously improve and address problems.

2. Product Development and Design

o Engineers are central to the development and design of
products and services.
o They work closely with cross-functional teams to conceptualize,
design and create high-quality and competitive offerings that
meet customer needs and market demands.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
3. Process Optimization and Efficiency
o Engineers are tasked with optimizing existing processes and
workflows to enhance efficiency and productivity.
o By streamlining operations and identifying bottlenecks, they
contribute to cost reduction and improved organizational
performance.

4. Quality Control and Assurance

o Ensuring the quality of products and services is a crucial
responsibility of engineers.
o They implement quality control measures and conduct
testing to maintain high standards and deliver reliable
outcomes to customers.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
5. Project Management
o Engineers frequently take the lead or actively participate in
projects, ensuring that everything is carried out as planned.
o Setting clear goals, controlling resources, and keeping
deadlines are all essential components of effective project
management.

6. Health and Safety Compliance

o Customers and employees health and safety must be
engineers top priorities.
o They implement efforts to prevent accidents and guarantee a
secure working environment, according to relevant safety
legislation and standards

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
7. Budgeting and Cost Management
o Engineers are conscious of cost-effectiveness and financial
constraints.
o They make knowledgeable choices to optimize expenses
while maintaining the desired level of quality, which helps
budgeting procedures.

8. Interdisciplinary Collaboration
o Engineers frequently collaborate with professionals from
different departments, such as marketing, sales, and
manufacturing.
o Effective communication and teamwork are essential to align
efforts and achieve common organizational goals.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
9. Technology Integration and Adoption
o Engineers are essential to the evaluation and integration
of new devices and systems as technology develops.
o By evaluating the possible advantages and hazards of
adopting innovative technology, they help decision-
makers make well-informed choices.

10. Continuous Learning and Skill Development

o Engineers constantly learn new things and improve their
skills in order to stay on the cutting edge of their industry.
o To stay current with industry innovations, they participate
in conferences, seminars, and training sessions.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER in
ORGANIZATION
11. Innovative Problem-Solving
o Organizations rely on engineers to tackle complex
challenges creatively.
o Their ability to approach problems with innovative
solutions contributes to the organization's competitiveness
and adaptability.

12. Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility

o In the modern business landscape, engineers are
increasingly focused on sustainable practices.
o They contribute to environmentally conscious initiatives
and strive to minimize the organization's ecological
footprint.

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MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER–Code of
Ethics
• Engineering is an important and learned profession.
• As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest
standards of honesty and integrity.
• Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people.
• The services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and
equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety,
and welfare.
• Therefore, engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior
that requires adherence to the highest principles of Ethical Conduct.

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MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES of ENGINEER–Code of
Ethics
There are FIVE (5) Code of Conduct that has been outlined by NSPE and BEM for ethical
behavior and moral responsibilities of an engineer :

A Registered Engineer shall..

1. at all times hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.
2. undertake assignments only if he is qualified by education and
experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved.
3. issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
5. conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to
enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the profession.

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 PROFESSIONAL LEGISLATION & PROFESSIONAL
BODIES
a) Professional Legislations -
 Engineer Act 1967
 Engineer Regulations 1990

b) Regulatory Bodies -
 Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM)

c) Professional Institutions -
 Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM)
 Construction Inspector of Works
Association Malaysia (COWAM)

CONSTRUCTION INSPECTOR OF WORKS ASSOCIATION MALAYSIA

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 TYPE OF REGISTERED
PERSONS

Graduate
Engineer Professional Engineer (PE)
(GE)

Engineering Technologist
Registere
(ET)
d PE with Practicing
Person Certificate
(PEPC)

Inspector of Works
(IOW) Accredited Checker
(AC)

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update.
ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGIST
Engineering Technologist are trained engineering
professionals who work with engineers and help them
with many of their duties. Engineering Technologists
support research and development activities within a field
or specialization of an engineering discipline through the
application of known engineering principles and practices
in order to develop new concepts, products, equipment, or
processes. While engineers are more theoretical,
analytical, and design-oriented, the
engineering technologists are more hands-on
and applications-oriented.

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 PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER (PE)
A Professional Engineer (PE) is an engineer licensed
by a state board of registration to practice
engineering. A professional engineer is competent by
virtue of his fundamental education and training to
apply the scientific method and outlook to the
analysis and solution of engineering problems. He is
able to assume personal responsibility for the
development and application of engineering, notably
in research, designing, construction, manufacturing,
managing and in the education of the engineer.

Professional Engineer:
Requires at least the equivalent of the competencies in a four year full time Bachelor’s Degree in engineering.
Engineering Associate:
Requires at least the equivalent of the competencies in a three year full time Bachelor’s Degree in engineering.
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WHAT MAKES YOU A
PROFESIONAL?

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 ROUTE TO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
(PE)

What is significance of the status Professional Engineer (PE)?

• The status signifies that the engineer has not only obtained academic
qualification in engineering but also acquired relevant industrial working
experience and professional career development in order practice
independently. 31
 ROUTE TO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
(PE)
Registered as Graduate Engineer with
BEM
Have satisfied the training requirements set by
the Board.
- 3 years practical experience as specified in Regulation 22(1)
4 STEPS Route A: Professional Assessment Examination
(PAE); orProfessional
Route B: Engineer with
professional body recognized by the
Route BEM; or member of
Corporate
C: IEM
Apply to BEM to be registered as a PE
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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 ROUTE TO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
(PE)
ROUTE A ROUTE B ROUTE C
(Professional Assessment Examination) (Professional Qualification Equivalent to PAE) (Corporate Member of IEM)
-Foreign-

I. Graduate Engineer registered

I. Graduate Engineer registered with BEM I. Registered Professional Engineer (in good with BEM
standing) from recognized Professional Bodies
II. has obtained 3 years practical experience as with substantially equivalent assessment II. A Corporate Member of the
specified in Regulation 22(1) Institution of Engineers Malaysia
II. Graduate Engineer registered with BEM (IEM)
III. has passed a Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE) conducted by the Board III. has obtained 3 years practical experience as
specified in Regulation 22(1) III. has obtained 3 years practical
a. Interview
b. Written technical paper experience as specified in
IV. has passed Code of Professional Conduct Regulation 22(1)
c. Written code of professional
conduct Assessment;

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ROUTE TO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
(PE)

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 STEP 1 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
• Engineering Graduate from an accredited
engineering program by BEM.
Or

• Engineering Graduate from the list of accredited

engineering programs in Washington Accord signatory
countries.

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 1 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
WASHINGTON ACCORD FULL SIGNATORIES
1. Australia
2. Canada
3. China
4. Chinese Taipei - Taiwan
5. Hong Kong China
6. India
7. Ireland
8. Japan
9. Korea
10. Malaysia
11. New Zealand
12. Russia
13. Singapore
14. South Africa
15. Sri Lanka
16. Turkey
17. United States
18. United Kingdom
19. Pakistan
20. Peru
21. Costa Rica

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 1 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION
Submit via MyBEM online at [Link]
accompanied by:
• a non-refundable processing fee of RM 50.00
• Copy of degree certificate
• Copy of full official transcript duly certified by an active
• Copy of IC/MyKad Professional Engineer

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 1 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
Submission Approval Stage Output
MyBEM Online Reg. System Approval within 1 – 4 months Download, print &
[Link] save e-certificate

Processing fee of RM 50.00 BEM

Application
Copy of degree scroll full official
transcript & IC/MyKad Committee
(duly certified by an active PE)

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 1 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
BEM ENGINEERING BRANCH / DISCIPLINES

Civil Mechanical Electrical Chemical

• Building • Aerospace • Computer • Environmental
• Construction • Agricultural • Electronics • Nuclear
• Environment • Automotive • Communication • Petroleum
• Geotechnical • Building Services • Process (Polymer,
• Mining • Manufacturing Pharmaceutical, Food)
• Structural • Marine
• Transportation • Material
• Mechatronic
• Metallurgy
• Mining

• Naval Architectural
• Nuclear
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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 2 : PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCE
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Regulation 22(1)(a), Registration of Engineers Regulation 1990 (Revised 2015)

• The Graduate Engineer must undergo:

i. at least two years of general training that will provide a sound basis for
professional development; and
ii. at least one year of professional career development and training
providing wide exposure to the various managerial and technical expertise in
engineering practice
• Where at least one year of the training must be obtained in Malaysia under the
supervision of a Professional Engineer in the same branch of engineering.

40
Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 2 : GRADUATE
ENGINEER
Professional Career Development And Training
EXPERIENCE

GENERAL EXPERIENCE MANAGERIAL & TECHNICAL

EXPERTISE
• General Experience; or
• Managerial & Technical Expertise; or
• Combination of General and DESIGN SITE EXPERIENCE
Managerial & Technical Expertise
Design work, feasibility study, Supervising engineering works,
applied research & conducting applied research and
development work development or performing
operation & maintenance work

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 2 : PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCE
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Regulation 22(1)(a), Registration of Engineers Regulation 1990 (Revised 2015)

• The Graduate Engineer must undergo:

i. at least two years of general training that will provide a sound basis for
professional development; and
ii. at least one year of professional career development and training
providing wide exposure to the various managerial and technical expertise in
engineering practice
• Where at least one year of the training must be obtained in Malaysia under the
supervision of a Professional Engineer in the same branch of engineering.

42
Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)

43
Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 1: Filling in
PAE Form

 The application form can be downloaded from BEM

website and need to be completed in full with correct
details of contact addresses and telephone no.
 The signatures on the declaration form needs to be.

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 1: Filling in
PAE Form

Branch based on graduate registration

Tally with Form PAE-1

Form PAE
This form is to be submitted with
a processing fee of RM 100
together with the exam fee of RM
500
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 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 1: Filling in
PAE Form

Name, position & address of PE/PEPC or

Superior (non Engineer) under whom served

Signature of supervising Engineer

or has personal knowledge of applicant
training & experience

Minimum Total of 36 Month including

≥ 2 years of general training +
≥ 1 year of various managerial and
technical expertise
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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 1: Filling in
PAE Form

47
Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 1: Filling in
PAE Form

48
Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination
PART (PAE)
2: Preparation of
Reports

There are 2 types of reports need to be submitted;

 Training & Experience Report
 Technical / Project Report

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 2: Preparation
of Reports

Sample Format Training & Experience Report

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 2: Preparation
of Reports

Sample Format Technical & Project Report 51

Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 3:
Attending PAE
SECTION A –
ORAL INTERVIEW – Principle • Professionalism of candidate
Interviewer set the date, time • Experience in design works
and venue • Site works
• Management
• Managing Projects
PA
E WRITE 2 ESSAYS – SECTION B –
After the Oral Interview • Understanding of professional
(answer 1 out of 2 questions) 1 ½ code of ethics and conduct
hours for each written paper • Role of engineers in the society his
(1500 words) professional code of ethics
• Write and present in a clear
and concise manner

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 3:
Attending PAE
PAE Essay Question
SECTION A – 1 ½ HOUR SECTION B – 1 ½ HOUR
(choose 1 out of 2 questions) (choose 1 out of 2 questions)
BEM 8 IEM 13
• typically related to the technical aspects • questions on the Regulations Code of
related to candidate’s submitted Conduct
Reports/Drawings • role of engineer in society vis-à-vis the
• Points put forth by the Candidate should Regulations of Professional Conduct
show sound engineering basics and • Ethical judgments put forth by the
professionalism.
Candidate should be supported by sound and
cogent arguments.

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
STEP 3: ROUTE A – Professional Assessment
Examination (PAE)
PART 3:
Attending PAE

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 STEP 4 : APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION AS
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
REGISTRATION AS
Processing fee: On approval,
Application online via RM50.00 certificate of

(PE)
[Link] Registration registration will be
fee: issued
RM300.00

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Disclaimer: This slide is property of BEM and the information cannot be used as official statement from BEM. The information is only valid on the date of its establishment and you may refer to BEM for new
update.
 ROUTE TO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
(PE)
As Conclusion…

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 THANK YOU

“Committed To Engineering
Excellence”

BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA

Tingkat 11 & 17, Blok F Ibu Pejabat JKR
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50580 Kuala
Lumpur
[Link] enquiry@[Link].
my or complaint@[Link]. 57