Grade 5 – Week 6
Science – Lesson 2
Friday 1st October 2021
Weekly Spelling Words
1. tomatoes 12. angles
7. uniform
2. potatoes 13. friction
8. instructions
3. automatic 14. air-
9. faces resistance
4. escape
10. sides 15. surface area
5. occupation
11. edges
6. responsibility
Learning objective
• Recognise friction (including air resistance) as a force
which can affect the speed at which objects move and
which sometimes stops things moving
• To investigate the effects of air resistance.
Success Criteria
We are successful when we can:
• explain how air resistance affects moving objects.
• plan and conduct an investigation into the effects
of air resistance.
Refresh - Starter
Refresh - Starter
D
Refresh - Starter
Introduction – What Is Friction?
Starter – Let’s warm up our brains!
Introduction – Gravity and Falling
You have learnt that
gravity pulls objects
towards the centre of the
Earth.
But do you think all objects
are pulled as fast as each
other?
These two balls are the
same size, but one has a
much greater mass.
Do you think they will hit
the ground at the same
time when dropped from a
height?
Introduction – Gravity and Falling
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
was an Italian scientist and
mathematician who wondered
about this.
In 1590, he decided to carry
out an investigation to find the
answer.
He climbed to the top of the
Leaning Tower of Pisa with two
balls of similar shape and size,
but with different masses.
He dropped both of the balls
from the top of the tower at the
same time. Both balls hit the
ground at the same time.
Introduction – Gravity and Falling
Galileo's experiment proved that
all objects fall at the same
rate, no matter what their mass
is.
But this can seem hard to
believe!
Think about a feather and a
hammer. If you dropped both
objects at the same time, would
they hit the ground at the same
time?
Introduction – Gravity and Falling
What do you think
happened when
astronauts stood on the
Moon and dropped these
two items at the same
time?
Introduction – Gravity and Falling
The feather and the
hammer hit the surface of
the Moon at the same
time!
This proves that Galileo’s
findings are correct.
Can you think why the two
objects might fall at the
same speed on the Moon
but the feather falls so
much more slowly on
Earth?
What is different about the
Moon and the Earth that
could cause this to
happen?
Introduction – Air Resistance
There is no air on the Moon.
Air pushes against any object moving
through it. This is known as air
resistance.
On Earth, air resistance acts on both
objects. The feather has a large surface
area in comparison to its mass. The
hammer has a small surface area in
comparison to its mass. Air resistance
therefore has a greater upwards force on
the feather.
Since there is no air on the Moon, there
is no air resistance to push against the
feather, so the two objects fall at the
same speed.
Introduction – Air Resistance
gravity
Air resistance can be a
useful force, but it can also
be unhelpful in certain
situations.
air
resistance
air
resistance
Look at the two diagrams below.
Which one shows a useful effect
of air resistance, and which one
shows an unhelpful effect of air
resistance?
driving
force
Introduction – Air Resistance
Air resistance pushes up on the gravity
parachute, opposing the force of
gravity and making the parachute
and the person fall more slowly. This is
a useful effect.
air
resistance
air
But air resistance pushes the
resistance
cyclist back, opposing the
cyclist’s force from them
pedalling the bicycle and making
the bicycle travel more slowly.
driving This is an unhelpful effect.
force
Breaktime: Go to the toilet / get some water
(Click to start 10-minute timer)
10 9 8 7 6
5 4 3 2 1
Activity 1 – The Perfect Parachute
The Super Skydiving Company are
redesigning the parachute they use to
Gravity
allow people to perform on from
skydives Earth has a value of 9.8
aeroplanes. They want to make sure that
newtons/kg of mass, which is a
the parachute they use allows their
measure
customers to fall from of how
the aeroplane as strong gravity is at
theassurface
slowly and safely possible. of the Earth.
You are going to investigate a helpful
So, to
effect of air resistance calculate
by finding the the weight (in
newtons)
best design for their of an object you multiply
new parachute.
its mass (in kg) by 9.8.
The perfect parachute will be the one that
makes a person fall the slowest. It will
cause air resistance to push it up with
the biggest force.
Activity 1 – The Perfect Parachute
You will make three parachutes and
drop them from a height. Each of the
three parachutes should be slightly
different.
You will observe which of your
parachutes falls the most slowly.
This parachute will have the most air
resistance pushing it up.
Construct your parachutes using a
sheet of plastic or card. Tie or tape
string to the corners, and tie or tape
the four pieces of string to an object
such as a toy figure, paper clip or
piece of modelling clay.
Activity 1 – The Perfect Parachute
How many variables
Variables did you
are the things think
that canof?
change in an investigation.
Did you
Which variables come
could weup with any
change of these?
in this investigation?
Object Length of
attached string to
to the Shape of Size of attach the
parachut parachute parachute object
e
Heigh
t of
drop
Activity 1 – The Perfect Parachute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-KYLXp2MG4&ab_channel=Howcast
Activity 1 – The Perfect Parachute
Use your Perfect Parachute
Activity
Once youSheet
have to identify:the
identified
different variables of your
• the variable you will
investigation, you need to
change in each parachute
make your prediction.
(for example, the size of the
parachute
Did you
Then planorand
thecarry
conduct height you
yourout a
drop
fair it from);
investigation
test? Explainandyour
complete
answer.
• your results on the Activity
the variable you will
Sheet.
measure;
•Repeat the test to improve the
why it is important to keep
reliability of your results.
all the other variables the
same.
Activity 2 – Super Skydiving Company
You now need to explain
your findings to the
Super Skydiving
Company.
Let them know the best
design for their new
parachute and explain
why it works well.
In your answer, make
sure to explain how air
resistance affects
moving objects.
Activity 3 – Talk about it
Take it in turns to see if you can speak for sixty seconds, sharing
as
Your
much
teacher
Can
information
you
will
talk
This
tellfor
as
you
word
apossible
full
when
bank
minute
each
with
mayabout
person
your
help partner
you:
air
should
resistance?
in
start
thattotime.
talk.
You could mention:
gravity prediction
• what it is;
air investigatio
• famous experiments associated
with it; resistance n
• how it is helpful and Galileo measure
unhelpful;
Galilei observe
• where you see air resistance every
day; mass variables
• what your investigation
showed. parachute results
force
Activity 3 – Talk about it
Think about the investigation you completed today. Look at your
results.
Make sure you look at your results
from today to help you make
Tell your partner about any further
What would For
predictions. be your predictions
example, for
if you want
tests you would like to do following
these
to further tests?
investigate testing the parachutes
on from this investigation.
with a larger piece of material, use
your test results to predict the results
for this.
Check our learning - Checkpoint
Gravity on Earth has a value of 9.8
newtons/kg of mass, which is a
measure of how strong gravity is at
the surface of the Earth.
So, to calculate the weight (in
newtons) of an object you multiply
its mass (in kg) by 9.8.
a force
slow down
air resistance
Check our learning - Checkpoint
Check our learning - Checkpoint
Gravity on Earth has a value of 9.8
newtons/kg of mass, which is a
measure of how strong gravity is at
the surface of the Earth.
So, to calculate the weight
more (in
newtons) of an object you multiply
less
its mass (in kg) by 9.8.
Check our learning - Checkpoint
Gravity on Earth has a value of 9.8
newtons/kg of mass, which is a
measure of how strong gravity is at
the surface of the Earth.
So, to calculate the weight (in
newtons) of an object you multiply
its mass (in kg) by 9.8.
Check our learning - Checkpoint
B
Check our learning - Checkpoint
friction / air resistance
Learning objective
• Recognise friction (including air resistance) as a force
which can affect the speed at which objects move and
which sometimes stops things moving
• To investigate the effects of air resistance.
Success Criteria
We are successful when we can:
• explain how air resistance affects moving objects.
• plan and conduct an investigation into the effects
of air resistance.
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