Highway and Traffic
Engineering
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
INTRODUCTION TO
TRANSPORTATION
◉ Transportation is movement of peoples or shifting of matter from
one point to another.
◉ It is essential for a nation's development and growth.
◉ Opportunities for engineering careers in transportation are
exciting and rewarding.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
INTRODUCTION TO
TRANSPORTATION
◉ New techniques are being applied for operating and maintaining
the system safely and economically.
◉ Many organizations and agencies exist to plan, design, build,
operate, and maintain the nation's transportation system.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION
◉ Economic Development
◉ Industrial Development
◉ Social and Cultural Development
◉ National integration of the country
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION
◉ Economic role of transportation
Investment in Transport is a key to economic growth
Transport Sector Contributes to 4-6% of Pakistan’s GDP.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT
◉ Turning of local market into national market
◉ Increase the export import .
◉ Connecting the rural markets or distributor to the
Cities
◉ Increase the productivity of different industries.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Social and Cultural
Development
◉ Encourage the globalization
◉ Improved the living conditions of people.
◉ Influence the formation urban societies.
◉ Cultural integration
◉ Exchange and adoption of different culture.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Political role of
transportation
◉ Administration of an area
◉ Political choices in transport
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Negative impact on
Development
◉ Migration
◉ Environmental Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Noise pollution
◉ Increase in Crime rate
◉ Hike in land cost
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
◉ Transport has a crucial role to play in economic
development. It has been recognized that the
provision of a high quality transport system is
necessary in the benefits of national
development.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Highway Engineering
◉ Highway engineering is an engineering discipline which involves the
design, construction and maintenance of Highway Roads & Systems,
urban streets as well as parking facilities.
◉ Important aspects of highway engineering include overall planning of
routes, financing, environmental impact evaluation, and value
engineering to compare alternatives.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Traffic Engineering
◉ Traffic engineering involves planning for the volumes of traffic to
be handled, the methods to accommodate these flows, the
lighting and signing of highways, and general layout.
◉ Older techniques include signs, signals, markings, and tolling.
◉ Newer technologies involve intelligent transportation systems,
including advanced traveler information systems (such as
variable message signs), advanced traffic control systems (such
as ramp meters), and vehicle infrastructure integration.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Railway Engineering
◉ It is a branch of civil engineering concerned with the design, construction,
maintenance, and operation of railways.
◉ Railway engineering includes elements of civil, mechanical, industrial,
and electrical engineering.
◉ Railway engineers handle the design, construction, and operation of
railroads.
◉ Typical tasks would include determining horizontal and vertical alignment
design, station location and design, construction cost estimating, and
establishment of signaling & controlling system.
◉ Railroad engineers can also move into the specialized field of train
dispatching which focuses on train movement control.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Airport Engineering
◉ Airport Engineering encompasses the planning, design, and construction
of terminals, runways, and navigation aids to provide for passenger and
freight service.
◉ Airport engineers design and construct airports. They must account for
the impacts and demands of aircraft in their design of airport facilities.
◉ These engineers must use the analysis of predominant wind direction to
determine runway orientation, determine the size of runway border and
safety areas, different wing tip to wing tip clearances for all gates and
must designate the clear zones in the entire port.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
TRANSPORT NETWORK
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
TRANSPORTATION
MODES
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
◉ Definition
The application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional
design, operation, and management of roads, streets and highways, their networks,
terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation.
Areas of highway transportation engineering:
◉ Planning of streets and highways
◉ Geometric design of road facilities
◉ Traffic operations and control
◉ Traffic safety
◉ Maintenance of road facilities and controls Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
ROADS IN PAKISTAN
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
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Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Expressways/Motorway
◉ Heavy traffic at high speed (120km/hr)
◉ Land Width (90m)
◉ Full access control
◉ Connects major points of traffic
generation
◉ No slow moving traffic allowed
◉ No loading, unloading, parking except
dedicated places. Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Motorways of Pakistan
◉ The Motorways of Pakistan are a network of high-speed,
limited-access or controlled-access highways in Pakistan,
which are owned, maintained and operated federally by
Pakistan's National Highway Authority.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Pakistan Motorways
◉ M-1 is from Islamabad to Peshawar. It is a 155 km access-
controlled motorway with 6 lanes.
◉ M-2 is from Lahore to Islamabad. It is a 367 km access-
controlledM1 is from Islamabad to Peshawar.
◉ M-2 is from Lahore to Islamabad. It is a 367 km access-
controlled motorway with 6 lanes. It was completed in
November 1997.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Pakistan Motorways
◉ M-3 is from Pindi Bhattian to Faisalabad. It is a 53 km access-
controlled motorway with 4 lanes, which, in future, can be
increased to 6 lanes.
◉ M-4 is from Faisalabad to Multan with a total length of 200 km.
It has 4 lanes, which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Pakistan Motorways
◉ M-5 is from Multan to Dera Ghazi Khan with a total length of 65
km and 4 lanes, which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
◉ M-6 is from Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero with a total length of
450 km and 4 lanes, which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
◉ M-7 is from Kakkar via Dureji to Karachi with a total length of 303
km and 2 lanes.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
Pakistan Motorways
◉ M-8 is from Gwadar to Ratodero with a total length of 1072
km and 2 lanes.
◉ M-9 is from Karachi to Hyderabad with a length of 136 Km
and 6 lanes.
◉ M-10 is the Karachi Northern Bypass, which has a total
length of 56 km and 6 lanes
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
National Highways
◉ Pakistan has a huge network of national highways.
◉ The national highways have a total length of 70,548
km.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
National Highways
◉ The National Highways of Pakistan are a network of highways in
Pakistan that are distinct from its motorways.
◉ The main difference between the two are that, unlike motorways,
national highways are not controlled-access or limited access. As
in the case of motorways,
◉ Pakistan's National Highway Authority owns, maintains and
operates all national highways.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
National Highways
◉ Pakistan's National Highways include famous highways such as
the Indus Highway, the Karakoram Highway and the Makran
Coastal Highway
◉ All National Highways in Pakistan are pre-fixed with the letter 'N'
(for "National") followed by the unique numerical designation of
the specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle), e.g. "N-5".
Each numerical designation is separated by five numerals, i.e. N-
5, N-10, N-15, etc.
Prof. DR ABDUL SAMI
History and Evaluation of Transportation
History and Evaluation of
Transportation
History of Road
Development in South
Asia
◉ Ancient Period (3500 BC)
◉ Mughul Period (15th Century)
◉ British Period (17th & 18th Century)
◉ Post Independence (1947 onwards)
Types of Ancient South
Asian Roads
◉ Indus Valley Civilization :
◉ Roads with brick drains on both sides.
◉ Mauryan rule in the 4th century constructed
◉ Rajpath (high roads)
◉ Banikpaths (merchant roads).
◉ Ashoka Regime:
◉ Road networks with horticulture and rest houses at 4.8 – 6.4km along the roads.
◉ Mughul Period
◉ Trunk roads between Northwest to Eastern part and also linking coastal and
central part of India
◉ British Period
◉ Trunk roads, bridges, PWD was formed, construction of Grand Trunk Road
Impact of Transportation
◉ Economic Development
◉ Social Development
◉ Spatial Development
◉ Cultural Development
Classification of
Highways
◉ Depending on weather
◉ All weather roads
◉ Fair weather roads
◉ Depending the type of Carriage way
◉ Paved roads
◉ Unpaved roads
◉ Depending upon the pavement surface
◉ Surfaced roads
◉ Un surfaced roads
Classification of
Highways
Based on the Traffic Volume
Heavy
Medium
Light
Based on Load or Tonnage
Class 1 or Class 2 etc or Class A , B etc Tonnes
per day
Based on location and function ( Nagpur road plan
)
