OVERVIEW:EDUCATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION
Theory, Research, and Practice
Organizational Culture of Schools
• Organizational culture is founded on:
• Basic Assumptions
• Shared Values
• Norms
In line with student achievement,
organizational culture is based on:
• Culture of Academic Optimism
• Culture of Efficacy
• Culture of trust
Culture of Academic Optimism
• Academic optimism: refers to a collective beliefs
set regarding the capabilities and strengths in
schools which depicts a positive image of human
agency.
• Here, optimism is considered the basis of uniting
trust and efficacy with the concept of academic
emphasis.
Culture of trust
• Trust relationships are founded on
interdependence.
• This implies that one’s interests are
unachievable without reliance on another.
• Apparently, in several social relations within
school settings, there is need for trust due to the
high interdependence level.
Culture of Efficacy
• The shared values of ability and capacity of
administrators and teachers are an essential element of
a school’s culture.
• Collective teacher efficacy points to the shared
teacher perceptions within a school setting, that the
faculty’s holistic efforts will impact students
positively.
School conditions that enhance Achievement
• Commitment to the community of the school
• Professional community in the context of high
academic expectations and collaborative work
practices.
• Collaboration with and outreach to parents
• A teacher’s internalized responsibility and “can do”
attitude.
Promoting Collective Efficacy
• Collective efficacy is reasonably promoted with the
creation of situations in where students and teachers:
1. Experience academic success.
2. Perceive success models in environments that lack
unnecessary stress; and
3. Are convinced by others to have strong belief in
their capabilities and themselves.
A Culture of Control
• Humanistic culture model: The school is considered
an educational community where students learn via
experience and cooperative interaction.
• Pupil-control model: a school’s orientation can be
assessed via pooling the professional staff’s individual
orientations based on a Pupil Control Ideology (PCI)
form.
• Custodial culture model: Provides a highly
controlled and rigid setting in which maintenance of
order is fundamental.
Organizational Climate of Schools
• Organizational climate shows the dominant
behavioural patterns within organizations.
• In the school organizational climate long-term
planning exhibits high possibility of producing
change as compared to short-term fixes
• In this context school change comprises 2 key
complementary strategies:
• Growth-centred Approach
• Clinical View Approach
School Effectiveness
• The maximization of school effectiveness Improvement of School Effectiveness
calls for a harmonious working and
integration of various internals systems Principles should work with teachers to widen
within the school setting including: instructional capacity besides enhancing the
• Teaching and learning development of school cultures that nurture
academic success.
• school structure
• School climate and culture
• Politics and Power; and
• Motivation
This is expected to produce the desired
performance results. principals improve
Decision Making in Schools
Administrative decision making
• This process is dynamic and solves for
organizational challenges besides creating others in
the process.
• No best defined approach to decision making has
been established
• Best approach: One befitting the circumstances
• This calls for the employment of a contingency
approach, where decision making is made in
consideration of the schools’ environments.
Leadership in Schools
• Leaders and leadership play the role of
anchors, ensure guidance is provided during
change processes, and improve
organizational effectiveness.
• In essence, the aspects of skills, motivation
and personality are considered as
systematically associated with the
effectiveness of leadership within the school
setting.
Response and Discussion Questions
• In line with educational administration, I
perceive that the success of any given school is
built upon the foundations of Planning,
organization, direction, motivation, control,
leadership, and rational decision-making.
• Discussion questions
• What are the roles of inclusivity and diversity
for effective education administration?
• How does technology contribute to the
advancement of education administration
methods?
Reference
• Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Educational administration theory, research and
practice.(Çev. Ed. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
