EARTH AND

EARTHS’ SUBSYTEM
Earth and Life
Science
 The Habitual
zone
Habitable zone - is the distance from a star at
which liquid water could exist on orbiting
planets' surfaces. Habitable zones are also
known as Goldilocks' zones, where conditions
might be just right – neither too hot nor too cold
– for life.
 EARTH AND
EARTHS’ SUBSYTEM
Earth and Life
Science
WHAT IS
EARTH ?
 WHAT IS
EARTH ?
Earth Ours is the blue planet, with more
water surface than land. Temperature
extremes of day and night are conducive
to life. The insulating properties of our
atmosphere and our high rotational rate
ensure a brief and small lowering of
temperature.
WHAT IS
EARTH ?
The Earth's history is recorded in the
rocks of the crust. Scientists used an
assumption called uniformitarianism in
order to relate what we know about
present-day processes to past events the
present is the key to the past.
Uniformitarianism states that the natural
laws we know today have been constant
over the geologic past.
 WHAT IS
EARTH ?
Accretion is one of the leading theories for the formation of
planet Earth. It is a process that occurs when gravity
attracts tiny bits of matter towards an object.
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS
THAT MAKE THE PLANET
HABITABLE?
 WHAT ARE THE FACTORS
THAT MAKE THE PLANET
HABITABLE?

Temperature Atmospher Energ Nutrients

e y
 Temperature
Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in the
factors factor solar system.
Low temp = Slow 0 – 15 °C to 115 °C 0 at 125 °C proteins, Only Earth surface is
reaction (Chemical) live thrives and carbohydrates, and in the temperature
liquid water exist. DNA/RNA start to range.
Low temp. = Froze break a part.
water, thus, no liquid
water High temp. = water
evaporates faster.
 Atmosphere
Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in the
factors factor solar system.

Small planets or Earth and Venus are Venus atmosphere is Earth and Venus have
moons have the right size to hold 100 time thicker than significant atmosphere.
insufficient gravity sufficient atmosphere. our planet Earth.
to hold an Mars atmosphere have
atmosphere. Earth atmosphere has 1 % compare to ours
480 KM.
 Energy
Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in the
factors factor solar system.

Too little sunlight Steady input of light Too much light energy Inner planets receives
chemicals and and chemical energy, means high temp. and light than other
organism die. cells function. harmful radiation and it planets.
will cause by UV rays.
 Nutrients
Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in the
factors factor solar system.

Planets without Solid planets have Too much activities Earth has water cycle,
system to deliver nutrients in them those prevents organism atmosphere, and
nutrients to its with water cycle, and ability to get enough volcanoes to circulate
organism cannot geological activities nutrients. nutrients.
support life. can transport and
replenish chemicals
needed by organism.
 Earth

• Liquid water
• Thick atmosphere
• Plate tectonics
 Earth is Habitable….
1. It has the right distance from the sun,
2. It has protected from harmful solar radiation by its
magnetic field.
3. It is kept warm by insulating atmosphere; and
4. It has the right amount of ingredients for life, including
water and carbon.
Subsystem of the Earth
 Earth’s Subsystem

Hydrosphere Atmospher Geosphere Biosphere

e
Hydrosphere
• The hydrosphere is a dynamic mass of water
that is continuously moving, evaporating from
the oceans to the atmosphere, precipitating to
the land, and returning to the ocean.
• The global ocean is the most prominent feature
of the hydrosphere, blanketing nearly 71
percent of Earth's surface to an average depth
of about 3,800 meters.
• It accounts for about 97 percent of Earth's
Hydrosphere
• The hydrosphere also includes the fresh water
found in streams, lakes, and glaciers as well
as that found underground. In addition to
providing fresh water for life, these streams,
glaciers and groundwater are responsible for
sculpting and creating many of our landforms.
Atmosphere
• It is a very shallow layer.
• This thin blanket of air provides us with air
that we breathe.
• It also protects us from the sun's dangerous
ultraviolet radiation.
• The energy exchanges that continually occur
between the atmosphere and Earth's surface
and between the atmosphere and space
produce our weather and climate.
Atmosphere
• The atmosphere makes up of all the gases on
Earth. The atmosphere has different layers:
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere, and exosphere.
Atmosphere
• Troposphere - is where humans and most of the
biosphere reside, and is the lowest layer.
• Stratosphere - contains the ozone layer.
• Mesosphere - is where meteorites burn up.
• Thermosphere - is a layer with extremely high
temperatures.
• Exosphere - is the outermost layer of the
atmosphere, and the layer in contact with outer
space.
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Atmosphere’s Role
in the Hydrologic
Cycle
• The atmosphere is a
crucial part of the water
cycle. It serves as the
reservoir of large amounts
of water.
• Therefore, the atmosphere
is an efficient medium to
 Geosphere
• The geosphere extends from the surface to the
center of the planet, a depth of 6,400
kilometers, being the largest of the four
spheres.
• Most surface features give us a clue of the
dynamic processes occurring at the Earth's
interior.
• Soil, the thin layer of material on the surface,
supports the growth of plants. It contains the
solid portion, a mixture of weathered rock and
 Geosphere
• It contains the solid portion, a mixture of
weathered rock and organic matter from
decayed plants and animals. Air and water also
occupy the open spaces between solid
particles.
• The Earth's compositional (density) differences
resulted in the formation of three layers the
crust, mantle, and core. Based on physical
properties, Earth is also divided into layers.
 Geosphere
Crust
• The crust is the thin, topmost layer of the
Earth.
• It is said that the crust is divided into two
layers: sial and sima.
• The sial is the uppermost layer whose name is
derived from the first two letters of the two
most abundant elements found in it, silicon (Si)
and aluminum (Al). The sima is the lower crust
made up mostly of silicon (Si) and magnesium
 Geosphere
Crust
• The earth's thin rocky crust is
of two different types- Crust
continental crust and oceanic
crust.
• Separating the crust and the
Earth's second layer is a
boundary called Mohorovicic
discontinuity or simply Moho
discovered by a Croatian
 Geosphere
Mantle
• More than 82 percent of Earth's volume is contained
in the mantle, a solid rocky shell that extends to a
depth of nearly 2,900 kilometers.
• The dominant rock type in the uppermost mantle is
the peridotite, which is richer in the metal’s
magnesium and iron.
• The upper mantle extends from the crust mantle
boundary to a depth of about 600 kilometers.
• The top portion of the upper mantle is part of the stiff
lithosphere and beneath it is the asthenosphere
 Geosphere
Mantle
• At the depth of the uppermost
asthenosphere, the rocks are close
enough to their melting
temperature. The lower mantle is at Mantle
the top of the core, at a depth of
2,900 kilometers. Because of an
increase in pressure the mantle
gradually strengthens with depth. A
boundary called Gutenberg
discontinuity separates the mantle
 Geosphere
Core
• The composition of the core is an iron-nickel
alloy with minor amounts of oxygen, silicon,
and sulfur elements that readily form
compounds with iron.
• The core is divided into two regions.
• The outer core is a liquid layer 2,200 kilometers
thick.
• It is the movement of this zone that generates
of Earth's magnetic field.
 Geosphere
Core
• The inner core is a sphere
with a radius of 1,216
kilometers. The iron in the
inner core is solid due to
the immense pressures Core
that exist in the center of
the planet.
Geosphere

Earth’s Magnetic
Geosphere
 Biosphere
• The biosphere includes all life on Earth.
• Ocean life is concentrated in the sunlit waters
of the sea.
• Most life is on the surface, with tree roots and
borrowing animals reaching a few meters
underground.
• Flying insects and birds reach a kilometer
above. Some varieties of life forms are
adapted to extreme temperature and
darkness.
 Biosphere
• On land, some bacteria
thrive in rocks as deep as 4
kilometers and in boiling hot
springs. Air currents can
carry microorganisms many
kilometers into the
atmosphere. Plants and
animals depend on the
physical environment for the
basics of life; likewise, they
help and maintain balance
Questions?
What do you think about
Interconnectedness?
 Principle of
Interconnectedness