BASIC SOLAR SYSTEM

Presented by
PYAE SONE PHYOE
Solar Design Enginee
Power Light Solar
 CONTENETS

• INTRODUCTION
• ON GRID SOLAR SYSTEM
• OFF GRID SOLAR SYSTEM
• HYBRID SOLAR SYSTEM
• What is Controller
• What is Battery
• What is Inverters
• What is Mounting System
• What is Cables
WHAT IS SOLAR SYSTEM,
INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR SYSTEM
Solar power harnesses the energy from the sun to generate electricity. Here's a
simplified breakdown of the process:
Solar Panels: These panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, which are
typically made of silicon. When sunlight strikes the cells, they absorb the
energy and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity.

Inverter: The DC electricity produced by the solar panels is not

compatible with most household appliances, which require alternating current
(AC). An inverter converts the DC electricity from the panels into AC electricity
that can be used in your home.

Energy Consumption: The generated AC electricity is then used to

power your home's appliances and lights.

Excess Energy: If you generate more electricity than you need, you
have a few options:
Net Metering: Many utilities offer net metering programs, where you can
send excess electricity back to the grid for credits or compensation.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF SOLAR
SYSTEM
•Solar Panels: The primary component that captures sunlight and
converts it into electricity.
•Inverter: Converts DC electricity from the panels into AC electricity.
•Mounting System: Attaches the solar panels to your roof or ground.
•Wiring: Connects the panels, inverter, and other components.
•Batteries (optional): Store excess electricity for later use.
•Controller: Regulate the flow of electricity and protect the system
from damage.
•Monitoring: Provide valuable insights into the performance of your
solar power system
Types of Solar System

Solar power systems can be classified based on their connection

to the electrical grid and their storage capabilities.

• On-Grid
• Off-Grid
• Hybrid
 On Grid Solar System
An on-grid solar system, also known as a grid-tied solar
system, is a renewable energy setup that connects to the
local electricity grid. This system allows homeowners and
businesses to generate their own electricity using solar
panels while maintaining a connection to the utility grid.

Benefits
• Cost Savings: On-grid systems can significantly reduce electricity
bills. Excess energy generated can often be sold back to the grid (net
metering).
• Environmental Impact: By using renewable energy, these systems
reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
• Low Maintenance: Compared to off-grid systems, on-grid systems
typically require less maintenance since they don't include batteries.
• Grid Reliability: Users can rely on the grid for energy when solar
production is low (e.g., at night or during cloudy days).
 On Grid Solar System
Considerations
•No Backup Power: On-grid systems typically do not provide power
during outages unless combined with battery storage or a backup
generator.
•Regulatory Factors: Local regulations and utility policies can impact
the financial viability and incentives for installing an on-grid solar
system.
•Space Requirements: Adequate roof space or land is necessary for
solar panel installation.

Conclusion
An on-grid solar system is an effective way to harness solar energy while
remaining connected to the electricity grid. It offers numerous benefits,
including cost savings and environmental advantages, making it an
attractive option for many homeowners and businesses looking to
reduce their carbon footprint and energy costs.
 Off Grid Solar System
An off-grid solar system is a self-sufficient energy
setup that operates independently of the utility grid.
This type of system is particularly useful in remote
areas where grid access is unavailable or unreliable.
Here’s a detailed overview of off-grid solar systems:
Components

Benefits
• Energy Independence: Users are not reliant on the utility
grid, making it ideal for remote locations or areas with
unreliable power supply.
• Sustainability: Off-grid systems utilize renewable energy,
reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering carbon
emissions.
• Customization: Systems can be tailored to meet specific
energy needs, allowing for flexibility in design and size.
• Low Long-Term Costs: While initial installation costs can be
high, off-grid systems often lead to lower ongoing energy
 Off Grid Solar System

Considerations
• Higher Initial Costs: The upfront investment for solar panels,
batteries, and other components can be significant.
• Battery Maintenance: Battery systems require regular
maintenance and eventual replacement, which can add to
long-term costs.
• Limited Power Supply: Users must manage their energy
consumption carefully, especially during periods of low
sunlight.
• Space Requirements: Adequate space for solar panels and
battery storage is necessary

Off-grid solar systems are commonly used in:

Remote homes and cabins

Emergency backup systems

Conclusion
An off-grid solar system provides a reliable and sustainable
 Hybrid Solar System

A hybrid grid solar system combines the features of both on-

grid and off-grid solar systems, allowing users to harness
solar energy while maintaining a connection to the utility
grid and incorporating battery storage. This setup offers
flexibility, reliability, and energy independence. Here’s an
overview of hybrid grid solar systems:

Benefits
•Energy Independence: Users can rely on stored solar energy during
outages or when grid power is unavailable.
•Cost Savings: By using stored energy during peak pricing times or
selling excess energy back to the grid, users can significantly reduce
electricity bills.
•Flexibility: The system can be tailored to meet specific energy needs,
allowing for a balance between solar generation, battery storage, and
grid reliance.
•Environmental Impact: Reduces reliance on fossil fuels, lowering
overall carbon emissions.
 Hybrid Solar System

Considerations
Hybrid solar systems are ideal for:
•Homes in areas with unreliable grid access
•Businesses looking to enhance energy resilience
•Remote locations where grid connection is costly or impractical
•Users wanting to maximize their use of renewable energy while
maintaining access to the grid

Conclusion
A hybrid grid solar system offers the best of both worlds by providing the
advantages of solar energy generation and battery storage, while still
allowing connection to the utility grid. This flexibility makes it an
attractive option for homeowners and businesses seeking energy
independence, cost savings, and a reduced environmental impact.
 What is Solar Panel
Solar panels are devices that convert sunlight into electricity.
They are a key component of solar energy systems and are
commonly used in residential, commercial, and utility-scale
applications.
How Solar Panels Work
• Photovoltaic Effect: Solar panels are made up of many individual solar
cells, typically composed of silicon. When sunlight strikes these cells, it
excites electrons, creating an electric current. This process is known as
the photovoltaic effect

Mono Poly Thin Bifacial

 What is Solar Panel

Types of Solar Panels

• Monocrystalline Panels: Made from a single crystal structure, these
panels are highly efficient and space-efficient but can be more
expensive.
• Polycrystalline Panels: Composed of multiple crystal structures, these
panels are generally less efficient than monocrystalline ones but are
often more affordable.
• Thin-Film Panels: These panels use a variety of materials (such as
cadmium telluride or amorphous silicon) and are lightweight and flexible.
They are less efficient but can be advantageous in certain applications,
like building-integrated photovoltaics.
• Bifacial Panels: These panels can capture sunlight from both sides,
increasing their efficiency and energy generation.
 What is controller

• Controllers are used primarily in solar power systems to optimize energy

management in setups that combine solar panels, battery storage, and
grid connectivity. The controller measures the power from the grid or
generator. The controller reduce the output of the solar system by
adjusting the set point of inverter, When the generator is not running,
the feed in protection is triggered and becomes active. When the
generator is running and powering the load, the controller prevents the
generator from running in a non optimum point of load and thus from
high fuel consumption and avoid serious damage due to low load.

Elgris Encombi
controller controller
 What is battery

A battery is a device that stores and converts chemical energy

into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions.
Batteries are widely used in various applications, from
powering small devices like remote controls and smartphones
to larger systems like electric vehicles and renewable energy
storage.
Market used batteries
• Alkaline Batteries:
• Widely used in household items (e.g., remote controls, flashlights).
• Have a long shelf life.
• Lithium-Ion Batteries:
• Common in smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles (EVs).
• High energy density and rechargeable.
• Lead-Acid Batteries:
• Common in vehicles for starting, lighting, and ignition.
• Heavy and less energy-dense, but cost-effective for larger applications.
 What is battery
Market Trends
• Electric Vehicles (EVs): The demand for lithium-ion batteries is surging
due to the growth of the EV market, with companies investing in battery
production and innovation.
• Energy Storage Systems: With the rise of renewable energy, there’s a
growing need for efficient battery storage solutions, leading to interest in
flow batteries and advanced lithium technologies.
 What is Inverter

In a solar power system, an inverter is a crucial component

that converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by
solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity. Most
household appliances and the electrical grid use AC power, so
the inverter enables the solar energy produced to be used in
homes or fed back into the grid.
 What is Inverter
There are several types of inverters:
• String Inverters: The most common type, used in residential systems.
They connect multiple solar panels in series (a "string") and convert the
combined DC output to AC.
• Microinverters: These are installed on each individual solar panel,
allowing for optimized performance. If one panel is shaded or
underperforming, it won't significantly affect the output of the others.
• Power Optimizers: These work like microinverters but are used in
conjunction with a string inverter. They maximize the energy output of
each panel before sending the combined output to the inverter.
• Hybrid Inverters: These can manage inputs from both solar panels and
batteries, allowing for energy storage and management.

Inverters also perform other functions, like monitoring system performance

and ensuring safety by disconnecting the system during outages. Overall,
they play a vital role in maximizing the efficiency and usability of solar
energy
What is Inverter
Understanding of Huawei Inverter Model
What is Inverter
Main functions of Huawei Inverter
What is Inverter
Comparison with other inverters
 What is Mounting System
A solar mounting system is a structure used to secure solar
panels to a roof, ground, or other surfaces. These systems
ensure that solar panels are positioned at the optimal angle
and orientation to capture sunlight effectively. There are
several types of solar mounting systems:

• Roof Mounts: Used on residential or commercial buildings, these are

typically fixed mounts that attach directly to the roof structure.
• Ground Mounts: Installed on the ground, these systems can be fixed or
adjustable and are ideal for larger solar arrays.
• Tracking Systems: These are advanced systems that allow solar panels
to move throughout the day to follow the sun’s path, maximizing energy
capture.
• Ballasted Systems: Common for flat roofs, these systems use weights
to hold the panels in place without penetrating the roof surface.
• A carport structure mounting system : Is a framework designed to
support solar panels over a carport or parking area. This type of system
serves dual purposes: providing shelter for vehicles and generating solar
energy.
What is Mounting System

Roof Ground
Mount Mount

Ballasted Carport
 What is Cables
Cables refer to electrical conductors that transmit electricity or
data. They come in various types and are used for different
applications, depending on the voltage, current, and
environmental conditions.

AC DC
cables cables
 What is Cables
Solar Cables

Solar cables are specifically designed for solar energy systems.

They connect solar panels to inverters and other system
components. Key features include:
• UV Resistance: Solar cables are typically insulated with materials that
resist UV radiation, making them suitable for outdoor use.
• High Temperature Resistance: They can withstand high temperatures,
which is important given the conditions under which solar panels
operate.
• Low Smoke and Halogen-Free: Many solar cables are designed to emit
low smoke and are halogen-free to reduce toxic emissions in case of fire.
• Types: Commonly used types include PV (photovoltaic) cables, which
are typically made of durable materials like cross-linked polyethylene
(XLPE).
 What is Cables
AC Cables

AC cables are used to carry alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the
standard form of electricity supplied by utility companies. Key features
include:

• Insulation and Sheathing: AC cables have insulation to protect against

electrical shocks and sheathing for mechanical protection.
• Variety of Applications: They are used in residential, commercial, and
industrial settings for wiring, appliances, and machinery.
• Different Types: AC cables come in various forms, such as single-phase
or three-phase, depending on the power supply and application
requirements.
• Voltage Ratings: They are available in different voltage ratings to
accommodate various electrical systems.

In summary, solar cables are specialized for solar applications, while AC

cables are used for general electricity transmission in AC systems. Both
play crucial roles in ensuring efficient and safe electrical installations.