Presentation on
Time Zones
&
International Date Line
Prepared
By
KHAWAR FARIAL
Pakistan Meteorological Department
Institute of Meteorology & Geophysics
Karachi
When you travel or airport you may see 12 modern
clocks which shows different times, Why?
You will know the reason at the end of this presentation…
World Map
• Continents (7 continents in the
world
• 1. Asia
• 2. Africa
• 3. North America
• 4. South America
• 5. Antarctica
• 6. Europe
• 7. Australia
• Oceans (5 Ocean in the world)
• 1. Pacific (The largest and the
deepest ocean which separates
Asia from America)
• 2. Indian
• 3. Southern
• 4. Atlantic
• 5. Arctic (smallest and the
shallowest of all the oceans which
is surrounded by Europe, Asia and
North America) World Map
Equator
• The Equator of the Earth is an imaginary
line that divides the planet into two
hemisphere (the Northern Hemisphere and
the Southern Hemisphere).
• It is a horizontal line that is equidistant
from the poles and crosses the center of
the Earth.
• This line marks the point where the
latitude is 0 degrees and is important in
geography.
• The Equator has special characteristics,
such as a greater amount of sunlight and a
general warm and tropical climate.
• The Equator measures about 24,901 miles
or 40,075 km (circumference of Earth)
• Countries lies on the Equator are Equador,
Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe,
Republic of Congo, Gabon, Democratic
Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya,
Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia & Kiribati.
Latitude
• Are known as parallels.
• Run in an east-west direction.
• Measure distance north or south
from the Equator
• Are parallel to one another and
never meet.
• Cross the prime meridian at right
angles.
• Get shorter toward the poles,
with only the Equator, the
longest, a great circle.
• 1 degree = 111 km
• 90 degree = 90 lines; 90 (Northern
Hemisphere)+90 (Southern
Hemisphere) +1 (equator) = 181
lines
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 countries
North America: Mexico, Bahamas,
Africa: Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Libya & Egypt
Asia: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar & Taiwan.
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Capricorn passes through 10 countries
South America: Chile, Argentina, Paraguay & Brazil
Africa: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar
Australia
Horse Latitude
Atmospheric high pressure belts that occur at around 30-35 degree north and south of the equator
Calm wind, sunny skies and little precipitation
Longitude
• Are known as meridians.
• Run in a north-south direction.
• Measure distance east or west
of the prime meridian.
• Are farthest apart at the
Equator and meet at the
poles.
• Cross the Equator at right
angles.
• Are equal in length.
• 1 degree = 111.3 km
• 360 degree = 360 lines
Longitude
•The longitude is like the
piece of an orange.
•If we cut the Earth like an
orange into 24 pieces we
will get the same pieces of
Earth as shown in fig.
•Then we can consider that
one piece have an 15
degree and 15 degree = 1
hour.
•360 degree = 24 hours and
one degree has four
minutes (time).
Orange
Meridians
• Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridians
or International Time Line), 0 degree
• GMT solar time at the 0 degree
longitude (prime meridian)
• UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
replaced GMT in 1972 as the time
standard.
• The Prime Meridian passes through a
total of eight countries.
• 1. United Kingdom
• 2. France
• 3. Spain
• 4. Algeria
• 5. Mali
• 6. Burkina Faso
• 7. Ghana
• 8. Togo
Queen Maud Land ( Region in Antarctica)
Greenwich Mean Time
• The Royal
Observatory ,Greenwich, is
home of the Prime Meridian of
the world, longitude 000
degree 00 minute 00 second.
• It is located to South-East of
London.
• October 1884 International Royal Observatory Greenwich
Meridian Conference held in
Washington D.C. in U.S. to
determine Prime Meridian for
International use.
• Royal Observatory Greenwich
youtube link
• https://youtu.be/
_TFeg70sIXQ? The international Meridian Conference, Washington, 1884
si=BaNNxep7rVs3JFku
Time Zones
Time calculation from 7 degree and
30 minutes from E and W
Practice Question
Q1: If there is noon at Greenwich, calculate the local time of the places
located on the following longitudes: 45 degree W and 75 degree E
Q2: If there is noon at Greenwich, calculate the local time of the places
located on the following longitudes: 30 degree W and 65 degree E
Q3: If it is 8:00 PM at Greenwich, calculate the longitude of a place where
the local time is 1 PM.
Q2: West Q3: 1 PM is at the left
Q1: West
30/15 = 2 degree (West) of Greenwich
45/15 = 3 degree Subtract 12 -2= 10 AM
Subtract 12 -3= 9 AM 8 PM – 1 PM = 7 pm
East
East 15*7= 105 W
60/15 = 4 degree
75/15 = 5 degree Subtract 12 + 4= 4 PM
Subtract 12 +5 = 5 PM 1 degree = 4 minutes
5 degree = 20 minutes
Therefore, at 65 degree
time will be 4: 20 PM
Time Zones of Russia
11 time zones of Russia
(Different colour indicate different time zones of Russia)
What is International Date Line?
International Date Line
• The international Date Line is in the
middle of the time zone defined by the
180 degree meridian.
• It is the imaginary line on the Earth that
separates two consecutive calendar days.
• It is the boundary where each calendar
day starts, and is also known as the “Line
of Demarcation” because it separates two
calendar dates.
• When you cross the International Date
Line going from west to east, it becomes
one day earlier.
• When you move across the line from east
to west, it becomes one day later.
• Travelers crossing the International Date
Line from west to east (from Japan to
USA) repeat a day and travelers crossing it
from east to west from USA to Japan lose
a day.
THANK YOU
