CS-336: Embedded Systems
AVR Microcontroller:
I/O Ports Bit Manipulation
Slight modification of slides shared by Dr. Rehan Ahmed
I/O Ports Bit Manipulation
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I/O Ports Bit Manipulation
• Powerful feature of AVR:
– To access individual bits of a port without altering rest of the
bits
– Able to use all bits(8) or any individual bit without affecting
other
– Instructions can be used for lower 32 I/O registers (0X00 to
0X1F)
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SBI and CBI instructions
SBI (Set Bit in IO register)
SBI ioReg, bit ;ioReg.bit = 1
Examples:
SBI PORTD,0 ;PORTD.0 = 1
SBI DDRC,5 ;DDRC.5 = 1
CBI (Clear Bit in IO register)
CBI ioReg, bit ;ioReg.bit = 0
Examples:
CBI PORTD,0 ;PORTD.0 = 0
CBI DDRC,5 ;DDRC.5 = 0
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Example
• Write a program that toggles PORTB.4 continuously.
Set data-direction
of pin 4 of Port-B as
an output pin
SBI DDRB,4
LOOP: SBI PORTB,4 Send 1 to pin 4 of
CBI PORTB,4 Port-B
RJMP LOOP
Send 0 to pin 4 of
Port-B
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Example
• An LED is connected to each pin of Port D. Write a program
to turn on each LED from pin D0 to pin D7. Call a delay
module before turning on the next LED.
LDI R20, 0xFF
OUT DDRD, R20 ;make PORTD an output port
SBI PORTD,0 ;set bit PD0
CALL DELAY ;delay before next one
SBI PORTD,1 ;turn on PD1
CALL DELAY ;delay before next one
SBI PORTD,2 ;turn on PD2
CALL DELAY
SBI PORTD,3
CALL DELAY
SBI PORTD,4
CALL DELAY
SBI PORTD,5
CALL DELAY
SBI PORTD,6
CALL DELAY
SBI PORTD,7
CALL DELAY
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SBIC and SBIS
SBIC (Skip next instruction if Bit in IO register
Cleared)
SBIC ioReg, bit ; if (ioReg.bit = 0) skip next instruction
Example:
SBIC PORTD,0 ;skip next instruction if PORTD.0=0
INC R20
LDI R19,0x23
SBIS (Skip next instruction if Bit in IO register Set)
SBIS ioReg, bit ; if (ioReg.bit = 1) skip next instruction
Example:
SBIS PORTD,0 ;skip next instruction if PORTD.0=1
INC R20
LDI R19,0x23
can only be used for any bits of the lower 32 I/O registers
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Example
VCC
A switch is connected to pin 4.7k AVR
PB0 and an LED to pin PB5.
PB0
Write a program to get the Switch
status of SW and send it to the PB5
270
LED.
LED
CBI DDRB,0 ;make PB0 an input
SBI DDRB,5 ;make PB5 an output
AGAIN: SBIC PINB,0 ;skip next instruction if
;PB0 is clear
RJMP OVER ;(JMP is OK too)
CBI PORTB,5
RJMP AGAIN ;we can use JMP too
OVER: SBI PORTB,5
RJMP AGAIN ;we can use JMP too
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Class Activity
• Assume that bit PB3 is an input and represents the
condition of a door alarm.
– If it goes LOW, it means that the door is open
– Monitor the bit continuously
– Whenever it goes LOW, send a HIGH-to-LOW pulse to port
PC5 to turn on a buzzer
Draw a
flowchart
and then
write the
code
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Class Activity: Solution
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Example
• Write a program to perform the following:
• (a) Keep monitoring the PB2 bit until it becomes HIGH;
• (b) When PB2 becomes HIGH, write value $45 to Port C, and
also send a HIGH-to-LOW pulse to PD3.
CBI DDRB, 2 ;make PB2 an input
SBI PORTB,2
LDI R16, 0xFF
OUT DDRC, R16 ;make Port C an output port
SBI DDRD, 3 ;make PD3 an output
AGAIN: SBIS PINB, 2 ;Skip if Bit PB2 is HIGH
RJMP AGAIN ;keep checking if LOW
LDI R16, 0x45
OUT PORTC, R16 ;write 0x45 to port C
SBI PORTD, 3 ;set bit PD3 (H-to-L)
CBI PORTD, 3 ;clear bit PD3
HERE: RJMP HERE
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Synchronizer Delay
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Synchronizer Delay
• The input circuit of the AVR has a delay of 1 clock cycle:
– Input data in PIN register is latched after one clock cycle
The PIN register represents the data that was present at the
pins one clock cycle ago
– Solution: Put NOP before the IN
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Example: Synchronizer Delay
.EQU MYTEMP = 0x100 ;save it here
LDI R16, 0x00 ;R16 = 00000000
OUT DDRB, R16 ; make PORT B an input port (0 for In)
NOP
IN R16, PINB ;move data from pins of Port B to R16
STS MYTEMP, R16 ;store this data in MYTEMP
Use “NOP” before
inputting the data
from the PINx
register
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Examples: DIY
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Example
• Write a program to create a square wave of 50% duty
cycle on bit 0 of Port C.
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Reading
• The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using
Assembly and C by Mazidi et al., Prentice Hall
– Chapter-4: Complete
– Go through all the examples carefully and make sure you
run them on Atmel Studio for firm understanding.
• Also perform the left-over class activities
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THANK YOU
