TYPES OF

SPEECH
CONTEXT,
SPEECHES, AND
ORAL COMMUNICATION
WEEK 5
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
IT MEANS COMMUNICATING
WITH ONESELF. THIS MAY BE
SEEN IN SITUATIONS
INVOLVING TALKING TO
WRITING TO ONESELF, EVEN
THINKING TO ONESELF.
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 This involves more than one
person. Of course, it is not just the
number of participants that
determine each particular type of
communication. They can be
differentiated by its purpose.
Communication is always
intentional.
 DYADIC
COMMUNICATION
 It involves only two
participants forming the
DYAD. One Speaker and one
Listener come together to
exchange thoughts, ideas,
opinions, and information.
 SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION
 It requires from 3 to 15 people to
study an issue, discuss a problem,
and come up with a solution or a
plan. This is not just gathering of
people with no goal in mind but to
pass the time. The group has an
agenda, a leader, and an outcome
to accomplish.
 PUBLIC
COMMUNICATION
There is no interchanging of
the Speaker and Listener
roles. The speech is well
prepared, the Speaker is
dressed appropriately, and
the Listeners are set to
listen to the Message.
 PUBLIC
COMMUNICATION
Usually, the programs are formally structured, with
a Master of Ceremonies or MC (emcee), a Welcome
Address, an Introduction of the Keynote Speaker,
the speech of the Keynote Speaker or Paper
Presenter, and Closing Remarks. If the gathering is
impromptu, then it is the informal version of this
type of interpersonal communication.
MASS COMMUNICATION
is any of the above human verbal
interactions carried out with the aid
of mass media technology. Mass
media used to mean only radio and
television, which reached more
people with the use of their technical
systems.
 ORGANIZATION
refers to the interaction
COMMUNICATION of
members along the links in an
organizational structure. There
are two variations of
Organizational
Communication.
 ORGANIZATION
COMMUNICATION
Formal Organizational Communication uses the
proper channels graphically illustrated by an
organizational chart. Memos, announcements, and
reports are passed along to the members of the
organization following the chain of command.

Informal Organizational Communication bypasses

the links, skips forward or backwards, or even goes
sideways just to achieve the same goal.
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
is the exchange of concepts, traditions, values,
and practices between and among people of
different nationalities and ways of life. To make the
exchange more meaningful, there should be a
deeper understanding and awareness of what
makes various nationalities different and unique,
but also similar and familiar.
LEARNING
THE TYPES
OF
SPEECHES
THERE ARE
SEVEN (7)
TYPES OF
SPEECH
 MANUSCRIPT
SPEECH
you write and deliver the speech
word for word. This type of speech is
advantageous to:
Public Figures;
Media Personalities; and
Spokespersons for government
and private organizations
MEMORIZE SPEECH
requires you to commit the speech to
memory so that you do not bring your
notes when delivering it. For this
reason, keep your memorized speech
short and work harder on your facial
expressions and the tone of your
voice.
MEMORIZE SPEECH
Tips in Memorizing a Speech:
 Break it down.
 Build it up.
 Speak out.
 Identify keys.
 Have a break.
 Record and listen.
 Use note cards.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
are delivered with little or no
time for preparation. In most
instances, you are called to
speak at the spur of the
moment because you are
expected to be knowledgeable
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
Strategies in Organizing and Delivering an
Impromptu Speech:
Bridging. This entails building a connection
between what you know and what you do not know.
Reframing. This means rephrasing or redefining the
topic into something that you want to talk about.
This usually occurs if you think the topic is
inappropriate or it is not meant for you.
Playing the Devil’s Advocate. This refers to you
standing on the opposite side.
EXTEMPORANEOUS
memorized or SPEECH
is a planned and prepared speech. Unlike
manuscript speeches which
are delivered word-for-word, an
extemporaneous speech is delivered with
the help of short notes and a clear
outline. it might look more challenging
than the manuscript or memorized
speeches, it is more spontaneous and
personal.
 EXTEMPORANEOUS
SPEECH
There are Three Steps in Studying your Extemporaneous Topic:
 Identify the type of extemporaneous question that you
have to answer.
Is it a question of fact? – This type of question is typically
answerable by “yes” or “no.” It revolves around whether something
is true or not, existent or not.
Is it a question of value? – It is centered on whether a topic is good
or bad, moral or immoral, just or unjust.
Is it a question of policy? – It is focused on what policy or rule
should be followed.
 Determine if your topic is informative or persuasive.
 Stick to your topic and look at all of the sides and angles of
the problem.
 ENTERTAINMENT
SPEECH
aims to share goodwill, joy, and pleasure
to the audience. The purpose of an
entertainment speech is not to educate,
inform, or inspire because the primary
goal is to make the audience relax, enjoy,
and even laugh. This means the speaker
is expected to be friendly and relaxed, but
still courteous, during the speech delivery.
 INFORMATIVE
SPEECH
These are about objects or
people, processes, events, and
concepts. This also follow
different patterns of
organization to arrange and
frame the details effectively.
 INFORMATIVE
SPEECH
There are four types of informative speeches which vary depending on the
topic.
Chronological Pattern – can be used if you want to present the history,
evolution, or development of your topic in a sequential order; from past to
present or beginning to end.
Spatial/Topical/Categorical Pattern – can be used if you want to inform your
audience about the main features, descriptions, or categories of your topic.
Cause – Effect- Pattern – can be used if you want to show the causal
relationship of events or phenomena.
Comparison-Contrast – can be used if you want to compare objects, events or
concepts underscoring their similarities and differences.
 PERSUASIVE
SPEECH
When you deliver your
persuasive speech, your
primary goal is to influence the
thoughts, feelings, actions, and
behaviors or attitudes of your
listeners (Gamble & Gamble,
LEARNING
THE TYPES
OF SPEECH
STYLES
 Each speech style is as
distinct as the Types of
Speech Context and be
paired according to usage.
The styles according to
Martin Joos (1959) are the
following:
 INTIMATE
is a nonpublic speech style that uses
private vocabulary and includes
nonverbal messages. It is a style in
which meaning is shared even
without “correct linguistic forms.”
This occurs to people who have
known each other for a long time and
have shared many experiences.
CASUAL/INFORMAL
used among friends and
acquaintances that do not require
background information. The use
of slang is common and
interruptions occur often. Casual
style is used when there are no
social barriers to consider.
CASUAL/INFORMAL
Example;

 Common expressions:
 Hey guys
 Lemme go
 Wassup, kinda..
CASUAL/INFORMAL
Example;

 Internet chatrooms
 Tweets
 Personal emails
 Blogs
 CONSULTATIVE
Consultative style requires two-way
participation and interruptions can occur
during the communication. is the opposite of
the Intimate style because this style is used
precisely among people who do not share
common experiences or meaning. This does
not preclude disclosure of background
information later in order to become the basis
of shared meaning.
 CONSULTATIVE
Example;

 Teachers and students

 Employers and employee
 Doctor and patient
 President and his/her constituents
 FORMAL
Used only for imparting information. The
speech is well organized and correct in
grammar and diction. Technical vocabulary
and exact definitions are important in the
Formal Style, such as in presentations.
Straightforward and direct, with no
circumlocution, this style does not allow
interruptions.
 FORMAL
Example;

Sermons
Graduation speech
Pronouncements made by judges
Announcements in school
 FROZEN
a formal style whose quality is static,
ritualistic, and may even be archaic. This
style is exemplified by prayers that have
been recited in the same way for years,
the Pledge of Allegiance or Panatang
Makabayan, and the Oath of Office of any
officer, whether of the Student Council or
of Congress.
 FROZEN
Example:
 Marriage vow
 Judicial sentencing
 Allegiance to the country or flag
 Prayer
 FROZEN
 it is “frozen” because it is
unchanged.

 Also revisions is need but it

must be carefully develop
thoughts.
LEARNING
THE TYPES
OF SPEECH
ACTS
A speech act is an utterance that a speaker
makes to achieve an intended effect. Some
of the functions which are carried out using
speech acts are offering an apology,
greeting, request, complaint, invitation,
compliment, or refusal.
 Locutionary Speech Act
This Act happens with the utterance of a sound,
a word, or even a phrase as a natural unit of
speech. What is required for the utterance to be
a Locutionary Act is that it has sense, and most
importantly, for communication to take place,
has the same meaning to both the Speaker and
the Listener.
 Locutionary Speech Act
What we say
A speaker must produce clearly the
words in order to deliver the intended
message meaning of the message.
 Example

Speaker: it is raining outside

(that is the literal meaning, that’s
why it’s locutionary.)
 Illocutionary Speech Act
What we mean when we say it
is not just saying something itself but the act of
saying something with the intention of: stating
an opinion, confirming, or denying something;
making a prediction, a promise, a request;
issuing an order or a decision’ or
giving advice or permission.
This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary Force of a
statement, a confirmation, a denial, a prediction, a
promise, a request, etc.
 Example
Speaker: it is raining outside.

The speaker wishes or wants the hearer to use an

umbrella if he/she goes outside.

The speaker wants you not to go out because it is still

raining outside.
 Perlocutionary Speech Act
What we accomplish by saying it

is seen when a particular effect is sought from either the

Speaker, the Listener, or both. The response may not
necessarily be physical or verbal and is elicited by:
 inspiring or insulting;
 persuading/convincing; or
 deterring/scaring.
The aim of a Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change
feelings, thoughts, or actions.
 Example
Speaker: it is raining outside.

What is the perlocutionary effect?

The hearer may use the umbrella when he or she

goes out.

The hearer may stay while waiting for the rain to

subside.
 Speech Acts are useful in
crafting the Types of Speech
Styles or its combinations.
These Speech Styles are used in
specific Speech Contexts, which
are based on the Speech
Purpose and the number of
participants.
ASSIGN
MENT
DIRECTI
ON
THANK
YOU!
Olivia Wilson, M.S., CCC-SLP