NARCOTIC
NARCOTICS
S
GROUP
4:●
HEARTEL JANE L. NASARA
●JOSEPH I. FERNANDEZ
●JEROME GENESIS T. TOLORIO
NARCOTIC
- Sas “opioids,”
Also known the
term “narcotic” comes from the
Greek word for “stupor” and
originally referred to a variety
of substances that dulled the
senses and relieved pain.
- A substance used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Narcotics are like opiates such as morphine and
codeine, but are not made from opium. They bind to
opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
- Narcotics are now called OPIOIDS.
WHAT IS
THEIR
ORIGIN?
The poppy Papaver
Somniferum is the source for all
natural opioids, whereas synthetic
opioids are made entirely in a lab
and include meperidine, fentanyl,
and methadone. Semi-synthetic
opioids are synthesized from
naturally occurring opium products,
such as morphine and codeine, and
include heroin, oxycodone,
hydrocodone, and hydromorphone.
Teens can obtain narcotics from
friends, family members, medicine
cabinets, pharmacies, nursing
WHAT ARE COMMON STREET
NAMES?
Street names for various
narcotics/opioids include:
● Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown
Sugar, Junk, Black Tat, Big H,
Paregoric, Dover’s Powder, MPTP
(New Heroin), Hillbilly Heroin, Lean
or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy,
Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup
HISTORY OF
NARCOTICS
EARLY HISTORY:
Ancient Times: The use of opium, derived from the opium poppy,
can be traced back to ancient civilizations like the Sumerians,
Egyptians, and Greeks. It was primarily used for medicinal
purposes, such as pain relief and as a sleep aid.
Medieval Period: Opium remained a popular remedy in Europe
during this time, with its use spreading further due to Arab
traders. Laudanum, a mixture of opium and alcohol, was a widely
prescribed painkiller.
19th Century: The isolation of morphine from opium in 1804 led
to a surge in its medical use, as it was seen as a safer and more
potent alternative to raw opium. However, this also marked the
HISTORY OF
NARCOTICS
THE RISE OF ADDICTION:
Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries: The widespread availability
and medical endorsement of morphine and other opiates led to a
significant increase in addiction rates. Soldiers returning from the
Civil War with war injuries contributed to this trend.
Heroin: Synthesized from morphine in 1898, heroin was initially
marketed as a non-addictive painkiller. However, it quickly
became clear that it was even more addictive than morphine.
Cocaine: While not technically a narcotic, cocaine was also
widely used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was an
ingredient in many popular tonics and was even used in Coca-
Cola.
HISTORY OF
NARCOTICS
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION AND REGULATION:
Early 20th Century: Growing concerns about addiction led to the
passage of the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 in the United
States. This act regulated the production and distribution of
opium and its derivatives.
Mid-20th Century: The drug culture of the 1960s and 1970s led to
a resurgence in heroin use, prompting stricter laws and increased
enforcement efforts.
Late 20th and 21st Centuries: The opioid epidemic of the late
20th and 21st centuries, characterized by the widespread misuse
of prescription opioids, has led to renewed efforts to address
addiction and overdose deaths.
WHAT DO THEY LOOK
LIKE?
Narcotics/opioids come in
various forms, including:
• Tablets, capsules, skin
patches, powder, chunks
in varying colors (from
white to shades of brown
and black), liquid form for
oral use and injection,
syrups, suppositories,
and lollipops
THERAPEUTIC
USES The main therapeutic use of narcotics is for pain relief, and
they are in fact some of the most powerful painkillers available.
When used for this purpose, they are often called NARCOTIC
ANALGESICS. Narcotics occurring naturally in the opium poppy
have been used since ancient Greek times, both for relieving pain
and for producing euphoria. Extracts of the opium poppy were
smoked, eaten, or drunk (as LAUDANUM, a crude mixture of
alcohol and opium).
Today narcotics are often given to patients who are
dying from cancer. In this case, the drugs not only relieve pain but
also seem to reduce suffering, worry, fear, and panic associated
with severe pain. As terminal cancer patients often do not have
long to live and the provision of an acceptable quality of life may
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
• The most common clinical use of the opioid narcotics is as
analgesics to relieve pain.
• The opioid narcotics relieve pain by activating the same
group of receptors that are controlled by the endogenous
substances called endorphins.
• Activation of opioid receptors blocks the transmission of pain
through the spinal cord or brain stem and can also reduce the
effects of stress.
• Morphine is a particularly potent pain reliever and often is
used as the analgesic standard by which other narcotics are
compared.
• With continual use, tolerance develops to the analgesic
effects of morphine and other narcotics.
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
• The principle side effects of the opioid narcotics,
besides their abuse potential, include:
1. Drowsiness, mental clouding
2. Respiratory depression
3. Nausea, vomiting, and constipation
4. Inability to urinate
5. Drop in blood pressure
WHAT IS THEIR EFFECT ON THE
Besides their medical use,
MIND?
narcotics/opioids produce a
general sense of well-being by
reducing tension, anxiety, and
aggression. These effects are
helpful in a therapeutic setting
but contribute to the drugs’
abuse. Narcotic/opioid use comes
with a variety of unwanted
effects, including drowsiness,
inability to concentrate, and
apathy.
WHAT IS THEIR
Narcotics/opioids are EFFECT ON THE
prescribed by
BODY?
doctors to treat pain, suppress cough, cure
diarrhea, and put people to sleep. Effects
depend heavily on the dose, how it’s taken,
and previous exposure to the drug. Negative
effects include:
• Slowed physical activity, constriction
of the pupils, flushing of the face and neck,
constipation, nausea, vomiting, and slowed
breathing
As the dose is increased, both the pain
relief and the harmful effects become more
pronounced. Some of these preparations are
so potent that a single dose can be lethal to an
WHAT ARE THEIR OVERDOSE
EFFECT?
Overdoses of narcotics are not
uncommon and can be fatal.
Physical signs of narcotics/opioid
overdose include:
• Constricted (pinpoint) pupils,
cold clammy skin, confusion,
convulsions, extreme drowsiness,
and slowed breathing
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND
PRESCRIPTION FOR ABUSE
ABUSE
What Makes People Vulnerable?
For most patients, the responsible use of
prescription opioid analgesics is very helpful in the
management of moderate to severe pain; however, a
relatively small population has factors that can increase
the danger of becoming addicted to these drugs as much
as 25-fold. The risks that lead to this vulnerability
include:
• Family history of substance abuse problems, which
suggests the likelihood of genetic vulnerability (Levran
et al. 2009)
• Dependence on nicotine, alcohol, or sleeping pills
• Depression
• Use of psychiatric medications
• Younger than 65 years of age
The value of identifying these risks is they may
help warn clinicians about which patients require special
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
AND WITHDRAWAL
Physical dependence is a consequence of
chronic opioid use, and withdrawal takes place
when drug use is discontinued. The intensity
and character of the physical symptoms
experienced during withdrawal are directly
related to the particular drug used, the total
daily dose, the interval between doses, the
duration of use, and the health and personality
of the user. These symptoms usually appear
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
AND WITHDRAWAL
Early withdrawal symptoms often include:
• Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, and sweating
As the withdrawal worsens, symptoms can include:
• Restlessness, irritability, loss of appetite, nausea, tremors,
drug craving, severe depression, vomiting, increased
heart rate and blood pressure, and chills alternating with
flushing and excessive sweating
However, without intervention, the withdrawal usually runs
its course, and most physical symptoms disappear within
days or weeks, depending on the particular drug.
WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS
TREATMEN
T
● Methadone or buprenorphine
are frequently used to help
narcotic addicts.
● These drugs block
withdrawal symptoms.
● Treatment should also
include regular counseling
and other supplemental
services such as job training.
Section 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of life imprisonment to
death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the following quantities,
regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
(1) 10 grams or more of opium;
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu";
(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy", paramethoxyamphetamine
(PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma
hydroxyamphetamine (GHB), and those similarly designed or newly introduced
drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements, as determined and promulgated
by the Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the penalties shall be
graduated as follows:
(1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantity of methamphetamine
hydrochloride or "shabu" is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty (50) grams;
(2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life imprisonment and a fine
ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but less
than ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", or
other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD,
GHB, and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives,
without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond
therapeutic requirements; or three hundred (300) grams or more but less than five
(hundred) 500) grams of marijuana; and
(3) Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand
pesos (P400,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of
opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana
resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drugs such as,
but not limited to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed
or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if
The actor says he used
drugs before he was a teenager
and spent most of his early
career under their influence. He
had several high-profile arrests
in the late 1990s and early
2000s while misusing alcohol,
cocaine, and heroin and spent
time in a California prison and a
state-run rehab facility. In 2002,
he announced that he was
recovered. Marvel’s 2008
movie Iron Man revived his ROBERT DOWNEY
The guitar legend
survived a rock culture of drug
experimentation. He says he
became addicted to heroin in
the early 1970s. Clapton
recovered, but he continued
misusing alcohol and cocaine
for years. He finally found
success in rehab in 1987. In
1998, he built the Crossroads
Centre for alcohol and drug
treatment on the Caribbean
island of Antigua. ERIC CLAPTON
Russell Brand’s struggle
with heroin addiction is
anything but a secret. The
English comedian
extraordinaire is outspoken
about the years he spent
grappling with alcohol and
other substances. He started
using at the age of 19 and felt
immediately at ease in the
haze of his heroin high.
RUSSELL BRAND
Nicole Richie was one of the
celebrities at the forefront of the “famous
for being famous” phenomenon. She
moved in with Lionel Richie when her
biological parents admitted they couldn’t
afford to provide for their young child.
Richie was raised in the spotlight
alongside her adopted father, especially
after his bitter split from his then-wife
Brenda Harvey.
She turned to heroin as a way to
numb out the pain of the public eye on
her parents’ split. Prior to her forays into
individual stardom even began, though,
Richie was busted for her hard drug use.
Her name was
smeared across tabloid headlines before
NICOLE RICHIE
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