INTRODUCTION
•Modernization refers to the process
through which societies transform from
traditional to modern practices,
characterized by advancements in
technology, economy, culture, and
governance.
•Understanding modernization is crucial
Modernization
Modernization refers to the process of adopting new ideas,
technologies, and practices to align with more
contemporary standards. It is often associated with the shift
from traditional, rural, agrarian societies to industrialized,
Definitions
1. S.C Dubey; “Modernization is a process that
explains the change from traditional or semi?
conventional stage to any desired forms of
2. Daniel Lerner; “Modernization is a
process of change which is mainly
related to changes inthe way of
thoughts and attitudes, increase in
3. C.E.Black; “Modernization is the process
by which historically generated institutions
adapt
with rapidly changing new responsibilities,
CHARACTERISTICS
OF MODERNIZATION
The characteristics of modernization are :
★ Political
★ Social
★ Economic
★ Technological
★ Urban
★ Educational
Political :
According Samuel Huntington, an
American political scientist, political
modernization consists of three basic
elements, the rationalization of authority, the
differentiation of structure and the
expansion of political participation.
SOCIAL :
Industrialization, urbanization, increased
use of technology and machinery, the
spread of liberal democratic values, and
secularization.
ECONOMIC :
The process by which a country
transforms its economy from agriculture
based systems to more industrialized
and technology-driven systems.
TECHNOLOGICAL :
Adoption and utilization of new
technologies, such as computers,
internet, automation, artificial
intelligence, and telecommunications.
URBAN :
The main occupation of the people is
related to secondary and tertiary sectors.
There is a density of human structures such
as houses, commercial buildings, roads,
bridges, and railways. Urban settlements
are large in size with a high density of
population.
EDUCATIONAL :
The educational characteristics of
modernization reflect the transition from
traditional societies to more complex,
industrialized, and interconnected ones.
IMPORTANCE OF
MODERNISATION
❖ Economic Benefits
❖ Social Benefits
❖ Technological Advancements
❖ Environmental Benefits
❖ Political & Governance Benefits
❖ Challenges & Considerations
Economic Benefits
1. Increased efficiency and productivity
2. Improved competitiveness
3. Access to new markets and customers
4. Job creation and economic growth
Social Benefits
1. Enhanced quality of life
2. Improved healthcare and education
3. Increased accessibility and inclusivity
4. Better social services and infrastructure
Technological Advancements
1. Improved communication and connectivity
2. Automation and streamlining processes
3. Data-driven decision-making
4. Innovative solutions to complex problems
Environmental Benefits
1. Sustainable development and resource
management
2. Reduced pollution and waste
3. Climate change mitigation
4. Eco-friendly technologies
Political and Governance Benefits
1. Transparency and accountability
2. Efficient public services
3. Enhanced national security
4. Improved international relations
Challenges and Considerations
1. Managing change and disruption
2. Addressing income inequality
3. Ensuring cultural preservation
4. Balancing individual and collective
interests
Disadvantages of
Modernization
● Modernization leads to more industrialization due to
which the problem of pollution is increasing day by day
● It leads to urbanization which is directly affecting our
village culture and the agriculture.
● People are moving towards the glamorous life.
● People are becoming more
materialistic .
● Degradation of moral values.
● A spiritual nature of the human being
is Diminishing.
● Modernisation demands that society must
change in all ways at once. But such a
regular and co-ordinated pattern of
growth cannot be planned and
materialised. Some amount of social
interest , hence is bound to be there.
Example: Discrepancy between mass
education and employment opportunities.
● During the period of modernisation
Structural changes mostly remain
uneven. Example. Industries maybe
modernised but religious system,
family system etc, remain
conservative.
● Modernisation of social and economic
institutions may create conflicts with
the traditional way of life. Example.
Trained M. B. B. S doctors may pose a
threat to the traditional medical
practitioners.
● Another problem is that , most often
roles adopted by the people are
modern, but their values continue to
be traditional. Example. New business
firms and industrial establishment and
shops etc, are either opened or
inaugurated as per the dictates of the
traditional ‘Muhurtam’.
● Yet another problem is that there is
lack of cooperation among agencies
which modernise and among those
institutions and systems which are
already modernised. This is more or
less like the problem of cultural lag.
● Finally, though modernisation raises
aspirations of people, the social
system does not provide enough
chance to materialise them. This
creats frustrations, disappointment and
social unrest.
Thank you.
Impact Of
. Occupation become more skilled and
Modernization
specialized
. No.of people engaged in primary occupation
reduces while that in secondary & tertiary
.Barter system replaced by money
. Old agricultural tools replaced by new
advanced tools
. Improved healthcare facilities and
educational facilities
. New institutions introduced like
.Introduction of new value systems such as
equality,justice,individualism,secularism
etc
.scientifics innovation,establishment of large
scale industries etc
.change in family structure and introduction of
middle class family
.Elimination of various social evils prevalent in
Examples Of
. Education for
Modernization
.Reduce
women
. poverty
Adoption of scientific
farming
. Use of modern management
. Infant
mortality
. Transport
.
facility
. Product and
services
. Enhance quality of
Stages of
modernization
1. Traditional society
2. take-off
3. Maturation
4. Mass consumption & mass production
Take-off
In sociology, “take-off” can be understood more broadly as a critical
juncture of social change that influences various aspects of social
structures and institutions.
1.Economic Development:
It often coincides with improved infrastructure, higher investment in
education, and increased capital accumulation.
2.Modernization:
This shift may lead to changes in family structure, gender roles,
educational aspirations, and overall social mobility.
3.Cultural Change:
In the context of social and cultural modernization, take-off can
involve the dissemination of new cultural values, such as individualism,
innovation, and meritocracy, often driven by exposure to global ideas
through media, technology, or migration.
4.Political Systems:
New political ideologies and movements may emerge as a result of this
rapid transformation.
Traditional society
Traditional societies are typically pre-industrial and emphasize the
preservation of age-old values and social structures over innovation or
change.
1.Agrarian Economy:
The economy is subsistence-based, meaning that people produce only what
they need to survive, with limited trade or surplus.
2.Strong Social Hierarchy:
Social mobility is limited, and individuals are expected to follow in the
footsteps of their ancestors in terms of work, family roles, and status.
3.Extended Family Structures:
The elder members of the family or community often hold authority and
decision-making power.
4.Rituals and Religion:
Religion or spirituality often plays a central role in the life of traditional
societies.
Conclusion
● Modernization theory holds that as societies become
more economically modernized, wealthier and more
educated, their political institutions become increasingly
liberal democratic.
● As societies modernize, the individual becomes
increasingly important, gradually replacing the family,
community, or occupational group as the basic unit of
society. Division of labour, characteristic of
industrialization, is also applied to institutions, which
become more highly specialized.
