P.
E 221: INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS
Template by: GROUP 2 of BSEd 2-A3 Filipino
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which
two or four players hit a lightweight, hollow ball back and
forth using table tennis rackets. The game takes place on a
hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve,
players must allow a ball played toward them only one
bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it
bounces on the opposite side. Points are scored when a
player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and
demands quick reactions. A skilled player can impart several
varieties of spin to the bail, altering its trajectory and limiting
an opponent's options to great advantage.
Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization
International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926, ITTF
currently includes 217 member associations. The table tennis
official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. Since 1988, table
tennis has been an Olympic sport, with several event categories. In
particular, from 1988 until 2004, these were: men's singles,
women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008
a team event has been played instead of the doubles. In 2007, the
governance for table tennis for persons with a disability was
transferred from the International Paralympic Committee to the
ITTF.
H I S T O RY OF TA B L E
TENNIS
The game originated as a sport in England during the 1880s, where
it was played among the upper class as an after-dinner parlour
game. It has been suggested that the game was first developed
by British military officers in India or South Africa who brought it
back with them. A row of books was stood up along the center of
the table as a net, two more books served as rackets and
were used to continuously hit a golf ball from one end of the
table to the other. Alternatively, table tennis played with paddles
made of cigar box lids and balls made of champagne corks. The
popularity of the game led game manufacturers to sell the
equipment commercially. Early rackets were often pieces of
parliament stretched upon a frame, and the sound generated in
play gave the game its first nicknaries of "wiff-waff" and "ping-
pong".
H I S T O RY OF TA B L E
TENNIS
Several sources indicate that the game was first
brought to the attention of Hamley's of Regent
Street under the name "Gossima". The name
"ping-pong" was in wide use before British
Manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd trademarked it in
1901. The name "ping-pong" then came to be
used for the game played by the rather expensive
Jaques's equipment, with other manufacturers
calling it table tennis. A similar situation arose in
the United States, where Jaques sold the rights to
the "ping-pong" name to Parker Brothers.
H I S T O RY OF TA B L E
TENNIS
The next major innovation was by James W Gibb, a
British enthusiast of table tennis, who discovered novelty
celluloid balls on a trip to the US in 1901 and found them to
be ideal for the game. This was followed by E.C. Goode
who, in 1901, invented the modem version of the racket by
fixing a sheet of pimpled, or stippled, rubber to the wooden
blade. Table tennis was growing in popularity by 19011, the
extent that table tennis tournaments were being organized,
books on table tennis were being written, and an unofficial
world championship was held in 1902. During the early
1900s, the game was banned in Russia because the rulers
at the time believed that playing the game had an adverse
effect on players' eyesight.
H I S T O RY OF TA B L E
TENNIS
In 1921, the Table Tennis Association was
founded in Britain, and the International Table
Tennis Federation followed in 1926, London
hosted the first official World Championships
a 1926. In 1933, the United States Table
Tennis Association, now called USA Table
Tennis, was formed.
H I S T O RY OF TA B L E
TENNIS
In the 1950s, rackets that used a rubber sheet
combined with an underlying sponge layer
changed the game dramatically, introducing
greater spin and speed. These were introduced
to Britain by sports goods manufacturer S.W.
Hancock Ltd. The use of speed glue increased
the spin and speed even further, resulting in
changes to the equipment to "slow the game
down". Table tennis was introduced as an Olympic
sport at the Olympics in 1988.
EQUIPMEN
T
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE TABLE
1. The upper surface of the table (known as the playing surface) shall be
rectangular, 274cm in length, and 152.5cm in width. It shall be supported so
that the upper surface (termed the playing surface), shall lie in a horizontal
plane 76cm above the floor.
2. The playing surface may be made of any material and shall yield a
uniform bounce of about 23cm when a standard ball is dropped from a
height of 30cm above the surface.
3. The playing surface shall be uniformly dark colored and matt, with a white
side line, 2cm wide along each edge.
3.1 The lines along the 152.5cm edges or ends shall be termed end
lines, and they shall be regarded as extending indefinitely in both
directions.
3.2 The lines along the 274cm edges or sides shall be termed side lines.
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE TABLE
4. For doubles, the playing surface shall be divided into
2 equal half-courts by a white center line, 3mm wide,
running parallel with the side lines; the center line.
Permanent marking of the center line shall not invalidate the
table for singles play. The center line shall be regarded as
part of each right half-court.
5. The playing surface shall be considered to include the top
edges of the table, but not the sides of the tabletop below
the edge.
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE NET
1. The playing surface shall be divided into two “courts” of equal size by a
vertical net running parallel to the end lines.
2. The net assembly shall consist of the net, its suspension, and the
supporting posts, including the clamps attaching them to the table.
3. The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an
upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the post being 15.25cm
outside the sidelines.
4. The top of the net, with its suspension, along its whole length, shall be
15.25cm above the playing surface. The bottom of the net, along its
whole length, shall be as close as possible to the playing surface and
the ends of the net shall be attached to the supporting posts from top to
bottom.
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE BALL
1. The ball shall be spherical, with a diameter of
40mm.
2. The ball shall weigh 2.7g.
3. The ball shall be made of celluloid or similar
plastic material and shall be white or orange,
and matte.
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE RACKET
1. The racket may be of any size, shape, or weight but the blade shall be flat
and rigid.
2. At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be natural wood. An adhesive
layer within the blade may be reinforced with fibrous material such as
carbon fiber, glass fiber, or compressed paper. S t i l l , i t s h a l l not be
thicker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm, whichever is smaller.
3. A side of the blade used for striking the ball shall be covered with either
ordinary pimpled rubber, with pimples outwards having a total thickness
including adhesive of not more than 2.0mm, or sandwich rubber, with
pimples inwards or outwards, having a total thickness including adhesive of
not more than 4.0mm.
TA B L E T E N N I S
EQUIPMENT
THE RACKET
3.1 Ordinary pimpled rubber is a single layer of non-cellular rubber, natural or
synthetic, with pimples evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not
less than 10 per cm² and not more than 50 per cm².
3.2 Sandwich rubber is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single
outer layer of ordinary pimpled rubber, the thickness of the pimpled rubber not
being more than 2.0mm.
The blade, any layer within the blade and any layer of covering material or
adhesive on a side used for striking the ball shall be continuous and of even
thickness. Material suitable for shaping a handle for holding the racket may be
added.
RULES OF THE GAME
• The objective of the game is to hit the ball with the racket or
paddle held in the hand over the net. The ball must strike on
the server side of the court before striking the top of the table
on the opponent’s court.
• Striking the ball before it bounces is not allowed.
• Whoever commits a mistake loses a point and your opponent
gains a point.
• A player or pair first scoring eleven (11) points is the winner
of the game, unless both player and points score 10 points,
the game shall be won by the first player or pair subsequently
gaining a lead of two points.
• A match is won in three out of five games.
FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS &
TECHNIQUES
GRIP
GRIP - it is the way one player holds the
racket/racquet. There are three different styles
of holding a bat and different player has either
one or both styles of holding the racquet.
Shakehand
this type of grip Grips one shaking
resembles
a hand.
Shake hand grip looks easy and it is a
very versatile style. So, it was started
even in China and now, many top-
level Chinese players also use this
technique
Shakehand Shallow Grip - The advantage of this grip is it will give you extra
power and allow easy adjustment of the racket angle due to the looseness
of the grip, and the ability to use the wrist more.
Shakehand Deep Grip - The advantage of the deep grip is it prevents the
racket from moving in the hand as much, and removes some of the wrist
flexibility
Penhold
Grips
it resembles holding a pen
Here the player’s middle, ring, little
fingers are curled around the racquet.
This style of holding the racquet is
called Chinese penholding.
Another style of penhodling is the Japanese/ Korean style. In this style, the
three fingers are across the back of the racquet. Players who have
Chinese penholding style prefer round racquet head, whereas the one
who have the Korean style, prefer square-shaped racquet head.
Seemiller
Grips
the racket is held similarly to
the shakehand grip, but with a 90
degree turn so that the thumb and
index finger are used to grip the sides of
the bat
It is typically used with a combination bat. This grip is named after Dan
Seemiller, who first popularized the grip in the 1970’s, and enjoyed world
level success with it.
SERVING
Top spin
Serves
With either a forehand or
backhand stroke, the ball is put
into play by projecting it upward
from a flat free hand. As the ball
hits the racket, which is swung
forward and upward descending it,
the racket face is closed (facing
upward from the tabletop and net).
Back spin
Serves
-The ball is struck with the racket’s
downward, forward motion. The racket
is open (facing upward from the
tabletop and net).
STROKE
Push Shot
It is the basic defensive shot.
Forehand/Backhand
Shot
The common
defensive and
offensive shot.
Forehand/Backhand
Chop
This is primarily a
defensive shot.
Smash Shot
It is used on a higher-than-the-net
bounce the higher the better.
It is high straightforward forward
and downward without
the spin on the opponent’s
count. This is an offensive stroke.
THANK
YOU!
