JEPPIAAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
“Self-Belief | Self Discipline | Self Respect”
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
Subject Name : EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND IOT DESIGN
Subject Code. : ET3491
Presentation Title: Wifi, Zigbee
Students Name : Giridharan P
[Link]. : 210621106020
Objective
• To Design/ Analyze/ Evaluate
WiFi (Wireless Fidelity):Mainly used for high-speed internet access and
local area networking (LAN) in homes, offices, and public [Link]
higher data rates and wider coverage compared to [Link] for
applications like streaming video, online gaming, and web browsing.
Zigbee: Designed for low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication in
applications like home automation, smart energy, and [Link] on
a mesh networking topology, allowing devices to relay data through each
other, extending the range and improving [Link] less power,
making it suitable for battery-operated devices with long lifetimes.
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Introduction
WiFi (Wireless Fidelity): WiFi is a wireless networking
technology that enables devices to connect to the
internet and communicate with each other wirelessly
within a local area network (LAN).
Zigbee: Zigbee is a low-power wireless communication
protocol designed for short-range, low-data-rate
applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) and home
automation.
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Block Diagram/ Work Flow/ Flow Chart
WIFI:
+-------------------+ | Internet |
+-------------------+ | +-------------------+
| Router/AP | +-------------------+
| +-------------------+ | WiFi Device |
+-------------------+
ZIGBEE:
+-------------------+ | Zigbee Gateway |
+-------------------+ | +-------------------+
| Zigbee Devices | +-------------------+
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Technical Details
WiFi:Standard: IEEE 802.11 family of standards (e.g., 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g,
802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax).Frequency Bands: Operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
frequency bands, with newer standards supporting additional bands for increased
capacity and reduced [Link]: Utilizes various modulation schemes
such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and OFDMA
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for efficient data [Link]
Rates: Supports data rates ranging from a few Mbps (in older standards) to several
Gbps (in newer standards like 802.11ax).Range: Typically provides coverage of up to
a few hundred feet indoors, depending on the environment and [Link]:
Uses a point-to-multipoint topology, where devices connect to a central access point
(AP) or [Link]: Implements security protocols like WEP (Wired Equivalent
Privacy), WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), and WPA2/WPA3 to secure data
[Link]: Widely used for high-speed internet access, multimedia
streaming, and local area networking (LAN) in homes, businesses, and public spaces.
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Technical Details
Zigbee: Standard: IEEE 802.15.4 standard, with Zigbee Alliance defining higher-layer
protocols and [Link] Bands: Primarily operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band,
but also supports 915 MHz and 868 MHz in some [Link]: Utilizes O-
QPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation for robust communication in
noisy [Link] Rates: Supports low to moderate data rates ranging from 20
kbps to 250 kbps, depending on the Zigbee PHY (Physical Layer).Range: Typically
provides coverage of up to 10-100 meters indoors, but can be extended using mesh
networking, where devices relay data through each [Link]: Utilizes a mesh
networking topology, allowing devices to form self-organizing networks and relay data
to extend coverage and improve [Link] Power: Designed for low-power
consumption, making it suitable for battery-operated devices with long lifetimes, such
as sensors and actuators in home automation [Link]: Offers security features
like AES-128 encryption for data confidentiality and authentication mechanisms to
prevent unauthorized [Link]: Commonly used in smart home automation,
industrial control and monitoring, healthcare, and asset tracking applications.
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Advantages
High Speeds: WiFi provides high-speed internet access, allowing
users to stream videos, download files, and browse the web
quickly and efficiently.
Wireless Convenience: With WiFi, users can connect to the
internet and local area networks wirelessly, eliminating the need
for cumbersome cables and providing greater flexibility in device
placement.
Scalability: WiFi networks can easily scale to accommodate
multiple devices and users simultaneously, making them suitable
for both homes and businesses.
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Application
Smart Home Automation: Zigbee is extensively used in smart home devices
such as smart lighting systems, thermostats, door locks, security sensors, and
smart plugs. It enables seamless communication between these devices,
allowing users to control and monitor their homes remotely.
Industrial Automation: Zigbee is employed in industrial automation for tasks
such as monitoring and controlling machinery, inventory management, asset
tracking, and environmental monitoring. Its low power consumption and
mesh networking capabilities make it suitable for industrial settings.
Healthcare: Zigbee is utilized in healthcare applications for remote patient
monitoring, wearable health devices, medication management, and tracking
medical equipment
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Reference
• IEEE 802.11 Working Group: [Link]
• WiFi Alliance: [Link]
• Wireless Communications and Networks" by William
Stallings (Book)"802.11
• Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide" by Matthew S.
Gast (Book)"WiFi Explained" by Patrick Regan (Book)
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